Chemistry of lignin-based materials

Chung, Hoyong; Washburn, Newell R.

doi:10.1680/gmat.12.00009

Cited by 160 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 234 publications

(249 reference statements)

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“…Many researchers have found that lignin-carbohydrate complexes are a good natural biodegradable material [10,11]. In addition, LCC contains hydrophobic rigid lignin blocks and hydrophilic flexible polysaccharide blocks, making lignin-carbohydrate complexes have good amphipathy, biocompatibility, and mechanical strength [12]. The lignin and carbohydrate blocks in the LCC copolymer not only have an ideal structure for biomaterials, but also have good compatibility with animal cells [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes Based Spherical Biocarriers: Preparation, Characterization, and Biocompatibility

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Spherical biocarriers were prepared with lignin-carbohydrate complexes isolated from ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) xylem. The specific surface and average pore size of the biocarriers were 17.15 m 2 g −1 and 21.59 nm, respectively. The carriers were stable in solution at pH 4.0∼9.5. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum indicated that the spherical carrier was composed of lignin and polysaccharides and had a typical lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) structure. The contents of galactose, lignin, and total sugar were 3.30%, 23.9%, and 64.62%, respectively, making the spherical biocarriers have good physical strength and compatible with hepatocytes. It was observed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that liver cells adhered to the spherical biocarriers during culture. Cell counting indicated that the proliferation of liver cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The albumin secretion (ALB) value and glucose consumption of the human hepatocytes were increased by 51.7% and 38.6%, respectively, by the fourth day when cultivated on the biocarriers. The results indicate that ginkgo LCC is very biocompatible and shows promise for the use as a biomaterial in the culture of human hepatocytes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes Based Spherical Biocarriers: Preparation, Characterization, and Biocompatibility

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Polymer Science

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“…It has become an issue of significant research interest both for understanding the fundamental factors contributing to recalcitrance and for material applications of lignin [30]. Conformational parameters, including the molecular weight distribution (MWD), degree of polymerization, and molecular size distribution, can help to understand how the lignin structure changes during the PWO reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkaline Partial Wet Oxidation of Lignin for the Production of Carboxylic Acids

et al. 2015

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The production of carboxylic acids by partial wet oxidation of alkali lignin was studied experimentally. The factors influencing the different types of products, their yields and concentrations were investigated. Formic, acetic, succinic, oxalic, and glutaconic acid were the main identified products. Both the temperature and oxygen partial pressure are shown to have direct effects on the product yields whereas the lignin concentration has an indirect effect. At low lignin concentrations, the yield of products was relatively high. However, at higher concentrations, the yield decreased. By measuring the lignin molecular weight distributions, it is shown that this decrease is linked to repolymerization/condensation reactions of lignin fragments which compete with oxidative lignin depolymerization.

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“…The main high added-value applications of lignin can be categorized into three groups: power/fuel, macromolecules, and aromatics [11,14]. Among those applications, aromatics commodities that are derived from lignin such as BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene), phenol, and vanillin, are expected to offer a significant market potential with an estimated market value of over $ 130 billion; moreover, pyrolysis technology has drawn attention to opportunities available for converting lignin into these high value-added products [11,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%