Chemistry of nuclear fuel reprocessing: Current status

Sood, D.D.; Patil, S. K.

doi:10.1007/bf02041529

Cited by 220 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A solution of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) diluted with n-alkane diluents (1.1 M) has been utilized as a versatile solvent for the reprocessing of thermal and fast reactor fuels (PUREX process) for the past several decades [6][7][8]. TBP has also been employed in various separation processes such as separation of 233 U from irradiated thorium by THOREX/Interim-23 process [9,10], for monazite processing, Zr/Hf separation, Nb/Ta separation etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent extraction studies with some fission product elements from nitric acid media employing tri-iso-amyl phosphate and tri-n-butyl phosphate as extractants

Sreenivasulu

Suresh

Sivaraman

et al. 2014

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Tri-iso-amyl phosphate (TiAP) has been identified as an alternate extractant to tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) for the reprocessing of fast reactor fuels. In the present work, extraction behaviour of some fission product elements such as Zr(IV), RuNO(III), TcO À 4 , La(III), Ce(III) and Nd(III) along with Am(III) has been investigated with 1.1 M solutions of TiAP and TBP in n-alkane diluents from nitric acid medium. The extraction of Zr(IV) has been evaluated with unirradiated and gamma irradiated solvents as a function of organic phase uranium(VI) loading. The influence of degradation products of TiAP and TBP on the extraction behaviour of fission products has also been examined. The effect of diluent degradation products and effect of alkali wash on the extraction of Zr(IV) is discussed. The formation of interfacial deposits during the washing of gamma irradiated solvents with alkali solution is also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent extraction studies with some fission product elements from nitric acid media employing tri-iso-amyl phosphate and tri-n-butyl phosphate as extractants

Sreenivasulu

Suresh

Sivaraman

et al. 2014

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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“…3 Since its first introduction in 1954 the original process has undergone many modifications on the basis of continued research and development work. The evolution of the process has been reviewed from time to time 4,5 and recently by gOOD et al 6 Low distribution ratio 7 of Pu(III) has been utilised for the separation of plutonium from uranium. Plutonium is selectively stripped to the aqueous phase by reducing Pu(IV) to Pu(III).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the extraction of U(IV) relevant to PUREX process

Sawant

Rastogi

Chaudhuri

1998

J Radioanal Nucl Chem

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Extraction of U(IV) by an organic phase containing 30% tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) in dodecane from aqueous nitric acid solution containing large amount of U(VI), relevant to nuclear fuel reprocessing by PUREX process, was studied. While acquiring distribution data, an argon atmosphere was maintained. A potentiometric method was used for the determination of U(IV) in the two phases after equilibration. Hydrazine used as stabiliser of U(IV) in the stock solution was destroyed and sulphamic acid was added just before equilibration to avoid the interference due to hydrazine in the subsequent determination of U(IV). Uranium(IV) distribution data between 30% TBP in dodecane and aqueous solution of uranium(VI) and nitric acid of varying concentrations have been presented and compared with available literature data.

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“…TBP is also used during solvent extraction of nuclear waste and reprocessing of nuclear material based on the PUREX (Plutonium-Uranium Reduction EXtraction) process (Paiva and Malik 2004;Sood and Patil 1996). Environmental exposure to these phosphates results mainly from hydraulic oil leakage or from the leaching or combustion and volatilization of plastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1H NMR metabonomic study of rat response to tri-phenyl phosphate and tri-butyl phosphate exposure

Alam

Neerathilingam

et al. 2010

Metabolomics

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The industrial application of organophosphates provides the opportunity for environmental exposure. While the toxicity of organophosphate compounds has been the target of significant work, studies directed towards the identification of metabolite markers to assess phosphate exposure are more limited. In this study the urine metabolite profiles for rats following single dose exposure to either tributyl phosphate (TBP, 15 mg/kg body weight) or triphenyl phosphate (TPP, 2 and 20 mg/kg body weight) were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) and orthogonal-partial least squares discriminate analysis (O-PLSDA). Using the developed O-PLSDA models it was possible to clearly identify TBP or TPP exposed animals. The performance of these models was validated using cross validation and permutation testing. Utilizing the variable importance in projection (VIP) coefficients from the O-PLSDA the metabolites that were most responsible for the classification of TBP or TPP exposure were determined. This initial study demonstrates the potential for NMR metabonomic studies for the identification and separation of environmental exposure to organophosphates.

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Chemistry of nuclear fuel reprocessing: Current status

Cited by 220 publications

References 29 publications

Solvent extraction studies with some fission product elements from nitric acid media employing tri-iso-amyl phosphate and tri-n-butyl phosphate as extractants

Solvent extraction studies with some fission product elements from nitric acid media employing tri-iso-amyl phosphate and tri-n-butyl phosphate as extractants

Study on the extraction of U(IV) relevant to PUREX process

1H NMR metabonomic study of rat response to tri-phenyl phosphate and tri-butyl phosphate exposure

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