Chemistry of Radioactive Cesium in the Hydrosphere and in the Geosphere

Lieser, Κ. H.; Steinkopff, T.

doi:10.1524/ract.1989.46.1.39

Cited by 58 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A number of studies [20][21][22][23] have shown that such profile of vertical distribution of many radionuclides in the sediments is specific to the lakes with organicsrich bottom sediments. Vertical profiles of 137 Cs and 239+240 Pu activity concentrations in the sediment core (Fig.…”

Section: Pu Isotope Activity Concentration In Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plutonium isotopes in ecosystem of a running shallow lake

Gvozdaitė¹,

Druteikienė²,

Tarasiuk³

et al. 2010

Lithuanian J. Phys.

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The aim of the present work is to get information on the possibilities of the shallow lake self-cleaning from plutonium isotopes using Lake Žuvintas as an object of study. A choice of the object is mainly related to the peculiarity of hydrology and hydrodynamics of Lake Žuvintas located in the southern part of Lithuania that was affected by radioactive fallouts after the nuclear events. During the period of study the bottom sediments of Lake Žuvintas behaved mainly as an accumulator of Pu isotopes. The main part of plutonium of the Chernobyl origin in surface sediments is present in exchangeable and potentially mobile physico-chemical forms. Processes of Pu migration are especially active during winter season when under anaerobic conditions the most important role in the Pu isotopes transfer belongs to reduced plutonium ions.

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Section: Pu Isotope Activity Concentration In Sedimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plutonium isotopes in ecosystem of a running shallow lake

Gvozdaitė¹,

Druteikienė²,

Tarasiuk³

et al. 2010

Lithuanian J. Phys.

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“…The environmental behavior of cesium has been reviewed by others, such as EPA (1999b), Lieser and Steinkopff (1989a), Onishi et al (1981), and . The half-life (t½) for 137 Cs is 30.07 years (Tuli 2004).…”

Section: A4 Cesium-137mentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Processes Data Package for the Vadose Zone in the Single-Shell Tank Waste Management Areas at the Hanford Site

Cantrell¹,

Zachara²,

Dresel³

et al. 2007

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Companion reports that review other subject matter areas relevant to contaminant transport within the vadose zone beneath the SST WMAs, the IDF, and groundwater have been recently published. The specific subject areas include the geology of the SST WMAs iv contaminants released to the vadose zone exhibit a wide range of mobility behaviors. Many tank waste contaminants have been strongly retarded by adsorption and precipitation reactions (e.g., cesium, plutonium, americium, and europium), while others have remained mobile (e.g., technetium, nitrate, and selenium). Still others show variable, waste-specific behaviors (e.g., cesium [where sodium concentrations are very high], strontium, chromium, and uranium) that are closely tied to evolving composition of pore water in the sediments, and for chromium, a change in oxidation state. The temperature of in-ground tank waste has moderated by heat exchange with the subsurface sediment, and high concentrations of base (OH -) have been neutralized through reactions with sediment minerals and secondary mineral precipitation. Major geochemical features that may potentially affect the mobility of key contaminants of interest in the vadose zone include oxidation state, aqueous speciation, solubility, and adsorption reactions.Processes suspected of facilitating the far-field migration of immobile radionuclides, such as formation of stable aqueous complex formation and mobile colloids, were found to be potentially operative, but unlikely to occur in the field. An exception is the enhanced migration of cobalt-60 facilitated by the formation of highly stable aqueous-cyanide complexes. Certain fission-product oxyanions (e. • Adsorption is suppressed by large concentrations of tank waste anions (e.g., NO 3 -, OH -, and CO 3 2-)• Surface charge of clay-size minerals is negative and will therefore tend to repel anions• Unlike chromium, their less-soluble, less-mobile reduced forms are unstable in oxidizing environments.Laboratory studies conducted through PNNL's Vadose Zone Characterization Project and basic-science geochemical studies are expected to continue in partnership to provide information to further refine the conceptual model used for risk assessment modeling. Results of these studies can be used to help ascertain uncertainties associated with the refinement of the conceptual models for contaminant migration in the vadose zone beneath the single-shell tanks. Results can also provide improved parameterization, such as distribution coefficients (K d ), and mathematical constructs used by modelers to predict contaminant mobility under these conditions, and to decrease the degree of conservatism incorporated in these models.For various reasons, risk assessment models typically use various approximations to represent the conceptual model developed for the site. Adsorption is frequently approximated using empirical distribution coefficients (K d s). Although the use of empirical distribution coefficients can potentially lead to erroneous results under certain conditions where the...

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“…Radiocolloids of this kind are formed by interaction of radionuclides with colloids present in natural waters. Clay particles have a high affinity for the heavy alkali ions that are bound by ion exchange in the order Cs + > Rb + > K + > Na + [137], This leads to the formation of carrier colloids with 137 Cs [65,138]. Alkaline earth ions are also bound by ion exchange on clay minerals, actually in the order Ra 2+ > Ba 2+ > Sr 2+ > Ca 2+ [137].…”

Section: Inorganic Colloidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,84,85,90,93,138,184,186,187,[201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215], and it has been found in all investigations that sorption and migration may vary considerably. They depend on the properties and the dispersal of the radionuclide species present in solution, the nature of the sorption sites, the surface area of the solids and the interference and the competition, respectively, of other species.…”

Section: General Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this concept it is assumed that an equilibrium distribution of a certain radionuclide X exists between solution and solid: X (solution) ^ X (solid). It was found, however, that the K d values or sorption ratios R" respectively, may vary in a range of several orders of magnitude in the same solid/solution systems [83,84,138,187,207]. Every measured sorption ratio is valid only for a certain species and for a special set of conditions, including the kind and the composition of the solid, Eh, pH, temperature, concentrations of all possible complexing agents, concentration of other components in the water, particularly those competing for the sorption sites, colloid formation, volume to mass ratio, agitation, time of contact between water and solid, filtration effects.…”

Section: Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radioactivity: A Tool to Explore the Past

Gunten

1995

Radiochimica Acta

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The use of the radioactive decay for dating purposes is reviewed. The most important dating methods are discussed. They include radioactive time markers (e.g., 137 Cs), cosmogenic radionuclides (e.g., ,4 C, "'Be), decay products of 226 Ra (e.g., 222 Rn, 210 Pb), uranium-thorium-lead chronometers, rubidium-strontium and potassium-argon nuclide pairs, applications of radioactive disequilibrium, dating with fission tracks, and thermoluminescence. Some important results, for instance the age of the Earth and the Moon, are also presented.

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Chemistry of Radioactive Cesium in the Hydrosphere and in the Geosphere

Cited by 58 publications

References 9 publications

Plutonium isotopes in ecosystem of a running shallow lake

Plutonium isotopes in ecosystem of a running shallow lake

Geochemical Processes Data Package for the Vadose Zone in the Single-Shell Tank Waste Management Areas at the Hanford Site

Radioactivity: A Tool to Explore the Past

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