Chemistry of the Brake Emissions: Influence of the Test Cycle

Mancini, Alessandro; Tsyupa, Bozhena; Pin, Sonia; Bandiera, Marco; Bertasi, Federico; Federici, Matteo; Bonfanti, Andrea; Perricone, Guido; Gigli, Lara; Bolzacchini, Ezio

doi:10.4271/2021-01-1300

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…The copper-free NAO pad material produced greater numbers of particles during high-demanding braking tests compared to the low-steel pad material. Mancini et al [32] investigated how different brake cycles can affect the chemical composition of brake wear particle emissions. It was found that a more demanding brake cycle produced more brake emissions, such as iron oxides, than the less demanding brake cycle.…”

Section: Background Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Corrosion on Particle Emissions from a Grey Cast Iron Brake Disc

Ghouri¹,

Barker²,

Brooks³

et al. 2022

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Reducing exhaust emissions has been a major focus of research for a number of years since internal combustion engines (ICE) contribute to a large number of harmful particles entering the environment. As a way of reducing emissions and helping to tackle climate change, many countries are announcing that they will ban the sale of new ICE vehicles soon. Electrical vehicles (EVs) represent a popular alternative vehicle propulsion system. However, although they produce zero exhaust emissions, there is still concern regarding non-exhaust emission, such as brake dust, which can potentially cause harm to human health and the environment. Despite EVs primarily using regenerative braking, they still require friction brakes as a backup as and when required. Moreover, most EVs continue to use the traditional grey cast iron (GCI) brake rotor, which is heavy and prone to corrosion, potentially exacerbating brake wear emissions. This study concentrates on emissions from a conventional grey cast iron friction brake before and after exposure to a corrosive environment. It was found that the effect of corrosion increases both the number and mass of particle emissions by over 50% and inhibits braking performance by reducing the coefficient of friction. The surface of the brake disc was also found to be affected by corrosion as many crevices and pits were formed.

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Section: Background Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Corrosion on Particle Emissions from a Grey Cast Iron Brake Disc

Ghouri¹,

Barker²,

Brooks³

et al. 2022

SAE Technical Paper Series

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Chemical Characterization of Nanoparticle Emissions from Brakes - The nPETS Project

Mancini¹,

Tsyupa²,

Federici³

et al. 2022

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Reproducibility of Physico-Chemical Properties in Brakes Emissions Generated at Different Dynamometric Benches

Mancini,

Tsyupa,

Della Bella

et al. 2023

SAE Technical Paper Series

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In recent years, brakes emission tests have become increasingly standardized to meet progressively stricter <i>intra</i> and <i>inter</i> laboratory reproducibility requirements. In particular, following the recent EURO 7 regulation proposal, WLTP-Brake cycle has surged as EU standard braking sequence to determine emission factors of investigated brake systems. Furthermore, the UN GTR (United Nations Global Technical Regulation) on Laboratory Measurement of Brake Emissions for Light-Duty Vehicles collects all the information needed to perform emission tests in laboratory. This includes design specifications for the testing platforms as well as the typology and configuration of measuring instruments. Notably, laboratory emission tests are also increasingly used to collect particulates for chemical characterization, since the compositional information is crucial to: <i>i)</i> provide correct assessment of their toxicological and environmental behavior; and <i>ii)</i> better understand tribological and emission mechanisms. Therefore, this work specifically aims at investigating the topic of the <i>inter</i> laboratory reproducibility of physico-chemical properties in particulates generated by the same friction couple when collected during emission tests carried out on different testing platforms. In particular, the contribution focuses on the comparison of PM<sub>10</sub> emissions generated by three different friction couples (<i>i.e.</i>, ECE R90 Low Steel, NAO and Inorganic-bound friction materials coupled against grey cast iron brake discs) during sets of WLTP tests performed at two different facilities. More in detail, a wide physico-chemical characterization performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis is used to unveil the <i>inter</i> laboratory reproducibility of both the particle size distribution and the chemical composition of corresponding twin particulates collected at the two testing laboratories. The reported results will provide useful insights regarding the variability level to be currently expected in selected physico-chemical properties of non-exhaust emissions from brakes when collected in different testing facilities.</div></div>

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Chemistry of the Brake Emissions: Influence of the Test Cycle

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

The Effects of Corrosion on Particle Emissions from a Grey Cast Iron Brake Disc

The Effects of Corrosion on Particle Emissions from a Grey Cast Iron Brake Disc

Chemical Characterization of Nanoparticle Emissions from Brakes - The nPETS Project

Reproducibility of Physico-Chemical Properties in Brakes Emissions Generated at Different Dynamometric Benches

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