“…The phase-field approach, based on the grand-potential formalism, has been employed extensively to model solidification [81][82][83][84] and solid-state transformation [85,86], including multicomponent systems [87,88]. Furthermore, this technique is also combined with an elastic model, in order to analyze chemoelastic transformations [89,90]. Much different from these conventional studies, this approach has recently been adopted to investigate energy-minimizing, curvaturedriven transformations, where the phase field behaves in a conserved fashion [91][92][93][94][95].…”