Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of Raffinose‐Branched Polyelectrolytes and Self‐Assembly Application in Microcapsules

Abstract

A novel biocompatible polyelectrolyte poly(vinyl raffinose-co-acrylic acid) (PRCA) containing a raffinose branch was prepared via redox polymerization using Fe(2+)/K(2)S(2)O(8)/H(2)O(2) starting from enzymatically-synthesized monomer: 1-O-vinyldecanedioyl raffinose. Copolymers with different monomer feed ratios were prepared and characterized with IR, NMR, and GPC. PRCA can be alternated with polycation to form microcapsules on a crystals template by electrostatic layer-by-layer technique. The multilayers of PRCA/poly(methacryloyloxyethyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride) (PMBA) on quartz slides and PRCA/poly(dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride) (PDDA) on acyclovir crystals template were fabricated and characterized with UV-Vis spectra, the microelectrophoretic measurement, and TEM. Hollow capsules can be formed after the removal of acyclovir crystals template in a buffer solution. The nano-capsule-carrying galactose residue is a potential targeting drug-controlled delivery systems.

Synthesis of glycomonomers via biocatalytic methods

“…Unlike lipases, proteases are able to produce the highest yield of glycomonomers when monosaccharides are combined with divinyl esters bearing a few methylene groups (Wu et al, 2004), meaning that this enzyme has a good selectivity toward more hydrophilic substrates. Comparable results were reported for dissaccharide (Wang, Wu, Wang, & Lin, 2005;Wu et al, 2004) and trisaccharide (Qi, Deshui, Zhichun, Guohua, & Xianfu, 2003;Wu, Chen, Lu, & Lin, 2006) substrates. However, an exception was found when glucose reacted with divinyl adipate (bearing four methylene groups).…”

Malva verticillata seed extracts upregulate the Wnt pathway in human dermal papilla cells

“…). The compounds of fractions were identified utilizing physical and spectral methods as well as by direct comparison of their data with the literature values of β ‐sitosterol (60B) , verticilloside (61E) , daucosterol (59E) , sucrose (62B) , raffinose (63C) and myristoleic acid (63B) . For the treatments, various fractions were dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 10 mg mL −1 .…”

Chemoenzymatic synthesis, characterization, and controlled release of functional polymeric prodrugs with acyclovir as pendant

“…The supernatant was then removed, and three cycles of water washing and redispersion were applied to remove the excess unadsorbed polyelectrolytes in solution. The assembly procedure described earlier was repeated until 5 bilayers‐coated microcapsules ((ACV) 5 ) were obtained 28, 33…”

“…However, so many modification steps to acyclovir or polymer precursors before conjugating acyclovir to polymers made the entire synthesis of these polymer‐drug conjugates tedious and difficult to be controlled. Therefore, it is significant to seek more facile protocol for the synthesis of polymeric prodrugs of acyclovir with such important properties as high drug loading, targeting, electriferous property, and so on 28…”