Chemo-Mechanical Challenges in Solid-State Batteries

Lewis, John A.; Tippens, Jared; Cortes, Francisco Javier Quintero; McDowell, Matthew T.

doi:10.1016/j.trechm.2019.06.013

Cited by 189 publications

(175 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Apart from searching for new electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, the primary scientific challenge in the development of SSBs is understanding and building controllable solid-state interfaces. Many reviews have summarized and highlighted the effects of and exploited strategies for interfaces in SSBs, including electrolyte-electrode interfaces and the interfaces between particles Famprikis et al, 2019;Lewis et al, 2019). This review points out three main challenges remaining for SSB techniques, regarding the intrinsic features of solid-state electrolytes, the critical interfaces, and the chemomechanical evolution during battery manufacturing and during battery operations.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries: Challenges and Perspectives

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Mater.

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Compared with traditional lithium-ion systems, solid-state batteries could achieve high safety and energy density. Although great improvements have been made, especially in solid-state electrolytes, fundamental challenges still remain for the solid-state systems in terms of chemistry and mechanics. This review summarizes the fundamental issues in solid-state batteries with a focus on three critical phenomena: (i) the principles of developing high ionic conductors, (ii) structural evolution at chemically unstable electrolyte-electrode interfaces, and (iii) the effects of manufacturing solid-state batteries, including electrode, and electrolyte design. The future perspectives are also outlined to guide the development of solid-state batteries.

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Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals of Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries: Challenges and Perspectives

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Mater.

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“…For these reasons, solid‐state batteries are emerging as a candidate to meet the energy density requirements for next generation electric vehicles. Due to their potential to enable Li metal anodes, significant effort has been made to study and stabilize the Li metal–solid electrolyte interface . With recent progress in this area, studies have demonstrated stable cycling of Li in a variety of solid electrolytes, ranging from oxides, to sulfides, to polymers, at current densities nearing the targets for electric vehicles (>1 mA cm −2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Electronic and Ionic Conduction Properties of Lithium Lanthanum Titanate

Wang

Wolfenstine

Sakamoto

2020

Adv Funct Materials

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With the continued increase in Li‐metal anode rate capability, there is an equally important need to develop high‐rate cathode architectures for solid‐state batteries. A proposed method of improving charge transport in the cathode is introducing a mixed electronic and ionic conductor (MEIC) which can eliminate the need for conductive additives that occlude electrolyte–electrode interfaces and lower the net additive required in the cathode. This study takes advantage of a reduced perovskite electrolyte, Li0.33La0.57TiO3 (LLTO), to act as a model MEIC. It is found that the ionic conductivity of reduced LLTO is comparable to oxidized LLTO (σbulk = 10−3–10−4 S cm−1, σGB = 10−5–10−6 S cm−1) and the electronic conductivity is 1 mS cm−1. The ionic transference numbers are 0.9995 and 0.0095 in the oxidized and reduced state, respectively. Furthermore, two methods for controlling the transference numbers are evaluated. It is found that the electronic conductivity cannot easily be controlled by changing O2 overpressures, but increasing the ionic conductivity can be achieved by increasing grain size. This work identifies a possible class of MEIC materials that may improve rate capabilities of cathodes in solid‐state architectures and motivate a deeper understanding of MEICs in the context of solid‐state batteries.

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“…To realize these advantages, the nonflammable solid electrolyte would replace the flammable liquid electrolyte and Li metal would replace carbon anodes to reduce cell volume and weight. [ 2 ] As a result, about 100% higher energy densities could be achieved compared to conventional Li‐ion batteries. [ 3,4 ] Sulfide‐based electrolytes with adequate ionic conductivity, low interfacial resistance against electrodes, and low processing cost make them one of the most promising inorganic solid electrolyte materials that could enable ASSBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlating Macro and Atomic Structure with Elastic Properties and Ionic Transport of Glassy Li₂S‐P₂S₅ (LPS) Solid Electrolyte for Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries

Garcia‐Mendez

Smith

Neuefeind

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). [1] ASSBs have garnered interest since they offer the potential for improved safety and energy density compared to lithium-ion batteries. To realize these advantages, the nonflammable solid electrolyte would replace the flammable liquid electrolyte and Li metal would replace carbon anodes to reduce cell volume and weight. [2] As a result, about 100% higher energy densities could be achieved compared to conventional Li-ion batteries. [3,4] Sulfide-based electrolytes with adequate ionic conductivity, low interfacial resistance against electrodes, and low processing cost make them one of the most promising inorganic solid electrolyte materials that could enable ASSBs. [5] However, despite the development of different compositions through different synthesis techniques in the Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 (LPS) family, [6][7][8][9][10] the successful transition to Li metal with relevant charging rates (≥3 mA cm −2 at room temperature) has not been realized. It has been reported that microstructural defects, such as grain boundaries and/or pores can play a role in determining the maximum charging rate (or critical current density, CCD) a solid electrolyte can withstand without Li penetration. [11,12] Thus, a glassy, dense microstructure may be preferred for ASSB applications. In previous work, [13] the densification behavior or LPS 75-25 was studied as a function of temperature (25-300 °C) at fixed pressure (47 MPa). It was determined that crystallization of the thio-LiSICON III analog phase occurred between 170 and 250 °C. Moreover, the relative density was more or less invariant of densification temperature (≈80% RD; calculated dividing the geometrical density by its theoretical density in the amorphous phase: 1.88 g cm −3 ). [14] While in our previous study, the maximum hot-pressing pressure (47 MPa) was limited by the mechanical integrity of the molding die, we recently developed capabilities to increase pressure to achieve 360 MPa. With this new capability, the current study compliments our previous study by investigating the densification behavior of LPS 75-25 as a function of pressure at fixed temperature. The pressure ranged between 47 and 360 MPa and the temperature was fixed at the glass transition temperature (T glass ). We hypothesize that by increasing the molding pressure the relative density will increase. Furthermore, the simultaneous application of A combination of high ionic conductivity and facile processing suggest that sulfide-based materials are promising solid electrolytes that have the potential to enable Li metal batteries. Although the Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 (LPS) family of compounds exhibit desirable characteristics, it is known that Li metal preferentially propagates through microstructural defects, such as particle boundaries and/ or pores. Herein, it is demonstrated that a near theoretical density (98% relative density) LPS 75-25 glassy electrolyte exhibiting high ionic conductivity can be achieved by optimizing the molding pressure and temperature. The optimal molding pressur...

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Chemo-Mechanical Challenges in Solid-State Batteries

Cited by 189 publications

References 107 publications

Fundamentals of Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries: Challenges and Perspectives

Fundamentals of Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries: Challenges and Perspectives

Mixed Electronic and Ionic Conduction Properties of Lithium Lanthanum Titanate

Correlating Macro and Atomic Structure with Elastic Properties and Ionic Transport of Glassy Li₂S‐P₂S₅ (LPS) Solid Electrolyte for Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries

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Chemo-Mechanical Challenges in Solid-State Batteries

Cited by 189 publications

References 107 publications

Fundamentals of Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries: Challenges and Perspectives

Fundamentals of Electrolytes for Solid-State Batteries: Challenges and Perspectives

Mixed Electronic and Ionic Conduction Properties of Lithium Lanthanum Titanate

Correlating Macro and Atomic Structure with Elastic Properties and Ionic Transport of Glassy Li2S‐P2S5 (LPS) Solid Electrolyte for Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries

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Product

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Correlating Macro and Atomic Structure with Elastic Properties and Ionic Transport of Glassy Li₂S‐P₂S₅ (LPS) Solid Electrolyte for Solid‐State Li Metal Batteries