Chemoautotrophic symbionts and translocation of fixed carbon from bacteria to host tissues in the littoral bivalve Loripes lucinalis (Lucinidae)

Herry, Angèle; Diouris, M.; Pennec, Marcel Le

doi:10.1007/bf00428126

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…In both cases, lysis of bacterial cells was the main nutritional resource for the clam's survival. The importance of this trophic pathway has already been shown for hydrothermal-vent and shallow-water bivalves (6,26,39,41) and for vestimentiferan tubeworms (9). Morphological data from TEM corroborated the hypothesis of host-driven lysis of bacterial cells since the lysosomes were larger and more numerous in the cytoplasm of bacteriocytes after 3 months of starvation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Lucinids are usually found in shallow water, such as intertidal mud or seagrasses (4,53), in deeper water, e.g., Bathyaustriella thionipta (30), and in deep oceans at a 2,000-m depth, i.e., Lucinoma kazani (21,55). The chemoautotrophic endosymbionts involved in such relationships are always localized inside specialized cells called bacteriocytes, and they have been found in several genera of the Lucinidae family, such as Codakia (4,28), Loripes (39,43), Lucina, and Lucinoma (17). Sulfur granules inside the symbiont cytoplasm have been demonstrated in most of the investigated species.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This relationship between the host and its symbionts represents the autotrophic pathway for host nutrition (27). It has also been suggested that in symbiotic bivalves, intracellular digestion of the symbionts may be a nutrient source for the host, based on studies of hydrothermal vent and shallow water bivalves (6,26,39).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Long-Term Starvation on a Host Bivalve (Codakia orbicularis, Lucinidae) and Its Symbiont Population

Caro

Got

Bouvy

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The bivalve Codakia orbicularis, hosting sulfur-oxidizing gill endosymbionts, was starved (in artificial seawater filtered through a 0.22-m-pore-size membrane) for a long-term experiment (4 months). The effects of starvation were observed using transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence in situ hybridization and catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD-FISH), and flow cytometry to monitor the anatomical and physiological modifications in the gill organization of the host and in the symbiotic population housed in bacteriocytes. The abundance of the symbiotic population decreased through starvation, with a loss of one-third of the bacterial population each month, as shown by CARD-FISH. At the same time, flow cytometry revealed significant changes in the physiology of symbiotic cells, with a decrease in cell size and modifications to the nucleic acid content, while most of the symbionts maintained a high respiratory activity (measured using the 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride method). Progressively, the number of symbiont subpopulations was reduced, and the subsequent multigenomic state, characteristic of this symbiont in freshly collected clams, turned into one and five equivalent genome copies for the two remaining subpopulations after 3 months. Concomitant structural modifications appeared in the gill organization. Lysosymes became visible in the bacteriocytes, while large symbionts disappeared, and bacteriocytes were gradually replaced by granule cells throughout the entire lateral zone. Those data suggested that host survival under these starvation conditions was linked to symbiont digestion as the main nutritional source.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Long-Term Starvation on a Host Bivalve (Codakia orbicularis, Lucinidae) and Its Symbiont Population

Caro

Got

Bouvy

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The symbiotic bacteria in these associations depend on energy-rich reduced chemical compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide or methane, to drive carbon fixation. Either the products of bacterial autotrophic production, or the bacteria themselves, can be assimilated by the host bivalve (Herry et al 1989, Barry et al 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiont abundance in thyasirids (Bivalvia) is related to particulate food and sulphide availability

Dufour¹,

Felbeck²

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Many bivalve species with chemoautotrophic symbionts have mixotrophic diets and some of their nutritional requirements are met by particulate feeding. The symbionts require reduced compounds (such as sulphide) for their autotrophic production. As the concentration of both particulate food and sulphide can vary in their habitat, it has been suggested that symbiont numbers may vary in response. To address whether symbiont abundance can be influenced by the external medium, we compared symbiont abundance (1) in specimens kept with or without particulate food, and (2) in specimens kept in sediments with low or high dissolved sulphide content. The relative surface area occupied by symbionts on semi-thin gill sections was determined for Thyasira flexuosa (and, in the sulfide experiment, for Parathyasira equalis and T. sarsi) kept for up to 3 wk in experimental microcosms, where the quantity of particulate food or dissolved sulphide was manipulated. Symbiont abundance declined with time; the decline was greater in particle-starved thyasirids and in specimens kept in low sulphide. In the latter conditions, T. flexuosa may have also had a greater symbiont digestion rate. The observed patterns may be due to a combination of increased symbiont uptake by the bivalve host, and reduced symbiont vigour under the imposed conditions. The flexible feeding mode of chemosymbiotic thyasirids may help them to survive in fluctuating environments.

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“…Moreover, bacteria can store sulfur granules. Symbiosis studies from littoral species have been initiated on the west coast of France (e.g., Loripes lucinalis) showing the translocation of fixed carbon from bacteria to the host tissues (Herry et al, 1989), but most of our knowledge regarding the functioning of lucinid symbioses originates from species in the Caribbean. In vivo experiments on Codakia orbicularis demonstrated symbiont absence in ovaries, testis, eggs, veliger larvae and metamorphosed juveniles reared in sterile sand (Gros et al, , 1997.…”

Section: Lucinidaementioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of chemosynthetic symbioses in bivalves from the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2013

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Deep-sea bivalves found at hydrothermal vents, cold seeps and organic falls are sustained by chemosynthetic bacteria that ensure part or all of their carbon nutrition. These symbioses are of prime importance for the functioning of the ecosystems. Similar symbioses occur in other bivalve species living in shallow and coastal reduced habitats worldwide. In recent years, several deep-sea species have been investigated from continental margins around Europe, West Africa, eastern Americas, the Gulf of Mexico, and from hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In parallel, numerous, more easily accessible shallow marine species have been studied. Herein we provide a summary of the current knowledge available on chemosymbiotic bivalves in the area ranging west-to-east from the Gulf of Mexico to the Sea of Marmara, and north-to-south from the Arctic to the Gulf of Guinea. Characteristics of symbioses in 53 species from the area are summarized for each of the five bivalve families documented to harbor chemosynthetic symbionts (Mytilidae, Vesicomyidae, Solemyidae, Thyasiridae and Lucinidae). Comparisons are made between the families, with special emphasis on ecology, life cycle, and connectivity. Chemosynthetic symbioses are a major adaptation to ecosystems and habitats exposed to reducing conditions. However, relatively little is known regarding their diversity and functioning, apart from a few "model species" on which effort has focused over the last 30 yr. In the context of increasing concern about biodiversity and ecosystems, and increasing anthropogenic pressure on oceans, we advocate a better assessment of the diversity of bivalve symbioses in order to evaluate the capacities of these remarkable ecological and evolutionary units to withstand environmental change

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Chemoautotrophic symbionts and translocation of fixed carbon from bacteria to host tissues in the littoral bivalve Loripes lucinalis (Lucinidae)

Cited by 50 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of Long-Term Starvation on a Host Bivalve (Codakia orbicularis, Lucinidae) and Its Symbiont Population

Effects of Long-Term Starvation on a Host Bivalve (Codakia orbicularis, Lucinidae) and Its Symbiont Population

Symbiont abundance in thyasirids (Bivalvia) is related to particulate food and sulphide availability

An overview of chemosynthetic symbioses in bivalves from the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea

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