Chemodynamic features of nanoparticles: Application to understanding the dynamic life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols and aqueous biointerfacial zones

SARS-CoV-2 virion physicochemical characteristics pertinent to abiotic substrate attachment

“…Within a short time after the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, an avalanche of publications have appeared, which are devoted to various aspects ranging from the SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission mechanisms [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4]∗∗ ] its attachment to receptors and abiotic surfaces (fomites) [ [5]∗∗ , [6]∗ , [7] , [8] ], inactivation and removal [ 8 , 9 ] to vaccination. [ 10 ].…”

“…Therefore, it can be assumed that their transfer to various surfaces comprising airborne particulate matter (PM) surfaces is a phenomenon analogous to colloid particle deposition processes. This concept was quantitatively elaborated in a recent review [ 4 ] where it is shown that virus transmission via PM or aerosols droplets acting as a shuttle can play a significant role. Therefore, in analogy to the colloid deposition, one can distinguish three main steps of virus particle (referred to as virion) attachment [ 4 ]: (i) transfer over macroscopic distances to the vicinity of boundary surfaces either abiotic, e.g., masks, or cell membranes, which is governed by forced convection (flow) and diffusion, for example through mucus layer (ii) transfer through the thin surface layer adjacent to interfaces controlled by the electrostatic and van der Waals forces (the latter are often referred to as hydrophobic interactions) (iii) formation of a physical contact of the virion with the interface or the corresponding cellular receptor where except for the mentioned interactions the hydrogen bonding may play a significant role.…”

Fabrication of air filters with advanced filtration performance for removal of viral aerosols and control the spread of COVID-19

“…This virus is transmitted primarily through droplets caused by sneezing, coughing, speaking, singing, and inhalation. According to the published results, the aerosols containing SARS-CoV-2 were detected about 5 m away from an infected patient [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] ]. Besides, the effects of this virus on the environment over time are very destructive.…”

Effects of environmental parameters and their interactions on the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 in North Italy under different social restrictions. A new approach based on multivariate analysis

“…Very similar results have been reported from the Padova province (North Italy), in the earliest phases of the pandemic diffusion in that area ( Pivato et al, 2021 ). Theoretically, the SARS-CoV-2 can persist on the particulate surfaces and this event may contribute to its transmission ( Duval et al, 2021 ). Particulate materials may serve as a shuttle for the virions, but this aspect cannot be generalized, as the characteristics of particles surfaces are variable and several features of the virions-particle interaction can decrease the virus viability ( Wathore et al, 2020 ; Nieto-Juarez and Kohn, 2013 ).…”