Chemodynamic Therapy: Tumour Microenvironment‐Mediated Fenton and Fenton‐like Reactions

Abstract

Tailored to the specific tumour microenvironment, which involves acidity and the overproduction of hydrogen peroxide, advanced nanotechnology has been introduced to generate the hydroxyl radical ( OH) primarily for tumour chemodynamic therapy (CDT) through the Fenton and Fenton-like reactions. Numerous studies have investigated the enhancement of CDT efficiency, primarily the increase in the amount of OH generated. Notably, various strategies based on the Fenton reaction have been employed to enhance OH generation, including nanomaterials selection, modulation of the reaction environment, and external energy fields stimulation, which are discussed systematically in this Minireview. Furthermore, the potential challenges and the methods used to facilitate CDT effectiveness are also presented to support this cutting-edge research area.

Tumor‐Microenvironment‐Induced Degradation of Ultrathin Gadolinium Oxide Nanoscrolls for Magnetic‐Resonance‐Imaging‐Monitored, Activatable Cancer Chemotherapy

“…Currently, cancer poses an increasing threat to human health . Accordingly, various pre‐clinical studies have demonstrated the usefulness of inorganic nanoparticles .…”

An open source and reduce expenditure ROS generation strategy for chemodynamic/photodynamic synergistic therapy

“…The PDT utilities light-activated photosensitizers to convert oxygen (O 2 ) to ROS 13 , whereas CDT takes advantage of an in situ Fenton or Fenton-like reaction between hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and catalysts to generate cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) 14,15 . Recently, the PDT/CDT combination therapy has been continuously explored to amplify the tumor oxidative stress and achieve better anticancer therapeutic effect than monotherapy [16][17][18][19][20] .…”

“…Recently, the PDT/CDT combination therapy has been continuously explored to amplify the tumor oxidative stress and achieve better anticancer therapeutic effect than monotherapy [16][17][18][19][20] . However, the TME feature of hypoxia, depletable amount of H 2 O 2 and the glutathione (GSH) depletion effect on ROS still limit ROS efficiency 15,21,22 . Two different feasible strategies have been proposed to relieve hypoxia in PDT and supplement the cellular amount of H 2 O 2 in CDT, respectively, amplifying endogenous O 2 / H 2 O 2 generation 11,[23][24][25][26] or directly delivering exogenous O 2 /H 2 O 2 into cells [27][28][29] .…”

2D Layered Double Hydroxide Nanoparticles: Recent Progress toward Preclinical/Clinical Nanomedicine

“…Recently, Fenton catalyst-mediated catalytic nanomedicine has been demonstrated as promising selective cancer therapy that generates toxic hydroxyl radicals specifically in the tumor microenvironment. [86,93,94] It has been well documented that the catalytic capacity of Fenton catalysts determines the reaction rate and production yield, especially given the limited amount of endogenous catalytic reactants (i.e., H 2 O 2 ). However, challenges still remain with regards to developing a Fenton catalyst with high catalytic efficiency to tumors and a concurrent high degree of biocompatibility to normal cells.…”