Chemoimmune Prophylaxis of Superficial Bladder Cancer

Adolphs, H.-D.; Vahlensieck, W

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3353-1_17

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Lamm et al reported in 1980 that BCG intravesical therapy following transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURBT) better prevents tumour recurrence compared to patients receiving TURBT only (3/18 versus 8/19) . Similar findings were reported in later publications . In addition to preventing recurrence after TURBT, the therapeutic efficacy of BCG instillations also achieved 70% complete remission rate in bladder cancer patients, who were not suitable for cystectomy or with incompletely resected tumour lesions .…”

Section: The Success Of Bcg Intravesical Instillations For Early‐stagmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Because of the unique function of the bladder, BCG intravesical instillation was applied in treating NMIBC patients in 1976 resulting in efficacy . Later several larger scale clinical trials with BCG instillation were reported at the beginning of 1980s, comparing outcomes with surgery alone and with intravesical chemotherapy .…”

Section: The Success Of Bcg Intravesical Instillations For Early‐stagmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bladder cancer, a unique model to understand cancer immunity and develop immunotherapy approaches

Song

Powles

Shi

et al. 2019

The Journal of Pathology

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With the mechanistic understanding of immune checkpoints and success in checkpoint blockade using antibodies for the treatment of certain cancers, immunotherapy has become one of the hottest areas in cancer research, with promise of long‐lasting therapeutic effect. Currently, however, only a proportion of cancers have a good response to checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy. Better understanding of the cancer response and resistance mechanisms is essential to fully explore the potential of immunotherapy to cure the majority of cancers. Bladder cancer, one of the most common and aggressive malignant diseases, has been successfully treated both at early and advanced stages by different immunotherapeutic approaches, bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) intravesical instillation and anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 immune checkpoint blockade, respectively. Therefore, it provides a good model to investigate cancer immune response mechanisms and to improve the efficiency of immunotherapy. Here, we review bladder cancer immunotherapy with equal weight on BCG and anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapies and demonstrate why and how bladder cancer can be used as a model to study the predictors and mechanisms of cancer immune response and shine light on further development of immunotherapy approaches and response predictive biomarkers to improve immunotherapy of bladder cancer and other malignancies. We review the success of BCG and anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 treatment of bladder cancer, the underlying mechanisms and the therapeutic response predictors, including the limits to our knowledge. We then highlight briefly the adaptation of immunotherapy approaches and predictors developed in other cancers for bladder cancer therapy. Finally, we explore the potential of using bladder cancer as a model to investigate cancer immune response mechanisms and new therapeutic approaches, which may be translated into immunotherapy of other human cancers. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.

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Section: The Success Of Bcg Intravesical Instillations For Early‐stagmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: The Success Of Bcg Intravesical Instillations For Early‐stagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bladder cancer, a unique model to understand cancer immunity and develop immunotherapy approaches

Song

Powles

Shi

et al. 2019

The Journal of Pathology

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“…The oral route of administration, proposed and tried by Rodrigues Netto and Caserta Lemos [ 18] with very good results, merits further investiga tion. Another avenue is chemoimmunoprophylaxis, de veloped by Adolphs et al [19] and Adolphs and Vahlensieck [20] on the basis of chemoimmunotherapy [21]. Experimental findings showing that the tumour-protec tive effect of BCG becomes augmented after pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (CTX) led these German investi gators to the clinical trial of a regime consisting of 700 mg CTX as a bolus intravenously, followed 2 weeks later by 6 weekly courses of 120 mg BCG instilled intravesically plus simultaneous dermal scarifications.…”

Section: Side Effects and Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG Vaccine in Superficial Bladder Tumours: Eight Years Later

Martinez-Piñeiro¹

1984

Eur Urol

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An evaluation of long-term results of BCG therapy for superficial bladder tumours is presented. In 12 patients treated with a curative aim, 41.7% complete regressions and 25% partial regressions were observed. Later on, 10 of these patients continued treatment with a prophylactic aim and 4 presented recurrences at 2, 3, 5 and 6 years, respectively. Another 29 patients were treated primarily with a prophylactic aim after TUR. On the whole, the percentage of patients with recurrences was 28% for the group receiving instillations alone or combined with dermal scarifications, and 64% for the group receiving only dermal scarifications. Most of the recurrences occurred in patients with recurrent disease which failed to respond to other therapies, but even in this group the time to first recurrence was sharply prolonged and the rate of recurrences per 100 patients per month significantly diminished in patients treated intravesically, as single therapy or associated with dermal scarifications. Although side effects were usually of minor importance, 5 patients had severe complications, underscoring the necessity to find more appropriate treatment regimes in further trials.

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Chemoimmune Prophylaxis of Superficial Bladder Cancer

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Bladder cancer, a unique model to understand cancer immunity and develop immunotherapy approaches

Bladder cancer, a unique model to understand cancer immunity and develop immunotherapy approaches

BCG Vaccine in Superficial Bladder Tumours: Eight Years Later

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