Chemokine receptor CXCR4-prognostic factor for gastrointestinal tumors

Abstract

To review the implication of CXCR4 for gastrointestinal cancer, a "Pubmed" analysis was performed in order to evaluate the relevance of CXCR4 and its ligands for gastrointestinal cancers. Search terms applied were "cancer, malignoma, esophageal, gastric, colon, colorectal, hepatic, pancreatic, CXCR4, SDF-1α, and SDF-1b". CXCR4 expression correlated with dissemination of diverse gastrointestinal malignomas. The CXCR4 ligand SDF-1α might act as "chemorepellent" while SDF-1b might act as "chemorepellent" for CTLs, inducing tumor rejection. The paracrine expression of SDF-1α was furthermore closely associated with neoangiogenesis. CXCR4 and its ligands influence the dissemination, immune rejection, and neoangiogenesis of human gastrointestinal cancers. Inhibition of CXCR4 might be an interesting therapeutic option.

The Expression of the Hypoxia Markers CA9 and CXCR4 Is Correlated with Survival in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumours of the Ileum

“…The positive nuclear staining of CXCR4 was also observed in other tumours, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma [35], hepatocellular carcinoma [36], invasive ductal mammary carcinoma [37,38] and non-small cell lung cancer [15]. Kato et al [37] and Woo et al [38] reported a significant correlation of the nuclear staining of CXCR4 with the rate of metastases in breast cancers and comparable results have been evidenced in colorectal carcinomas [12,13]. Variability in glycosylation, ubiquitination or enzymatic cleavage could explain differences in cellular location of CXCR4 and underlines multiple cell-specific CXCR4 functions.…”

“…CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor involved in angiogenesis and tumour invasiveness. CXCR4 has been shown to be expressed in several tumour types such as breast, non-small cell lung, pancreatic, colorectal and prostate cancers, and to play an important role in their metastatic dissemination [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Oxygen levels act as an important regulator of CXCR4 receptor expression through the expression of HIF-1α [18,19].…”

Prognostic impact of CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

“…The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, important players in the system of chemokines, participate in tumorigenesis and in the metastatic cascade of various tumor types [13,23,24]. In the present study, we aimed to investigate, using immunohistochemical methods, the expression of these two molecules, both receptors of the cytokine SDF-1a (CXCL12), in the primary lesions of 249 patients with PAC.…”

First Evidence That γ-Tocotrienol Inhibits the Growth of Human Gastric Cancer and Chemosensitizes It to Capecitabine in a Xenograft Mouse Model through the Modulation of NF-κB Pathway

“…Fourth, NF-kB plays an important role in regulating the CXC motif receptor 4 (CXCR4; ref. 8) and COX-2 (9) that are associated with gastric cancer metastasis. Finally, it is well established that Helicobacter pylori, a well-known risk factor for gastric carcinoma, is a potent activator of NF-kB in gastric epithelial cells (10).…”