Chemokines in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Meningitis

Acute Encephalopathy Associated with Influenza A Infection in Adults

“…Exuberant 3) pg/mL, respectively. In CSF, in subjects without neurologic disease/infection, these cytokines/chemokines are either undetectable or present at low levels (8)(9)(10). In a pediatrics influenza cohort, CSF cytokine levels were substantially higher in encephalopathy cases when compared to those with febrile seizure; CSF/plasma concentration was <1 (8).…”

“…We found a broader range of cytokines/chemokines being activated (7); for certain cytokines (CXCL8/IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1), the CSF concentrations were 3× those in plasma. IL-6, CXCL8/ IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1 and CXCL10/IP-10 have been shown to play pathogenic roles in CNS viral infections, cerebral injury, and acute brain syndrome in susceptible patients (7,9,10,12). The high CSF/plasma ratios suggest that for some cytokines, activation within the CNS might have occurred along with respiratory-tract and systemic productions (cytokines are not detected in CSF normally; (Table 2) (4,7-10,12).…”

Critical role for a high-affinity chemokine-binding protein in γ-herpesvirus–induced lethal meningitis

“…However, examination of the chemokines typically produced during CNS infection suggests a mechanism by which M3 could alter the inflammatory response and thereby contribute to virulence. In experimental and clinical bacterial meningoencephalitis there is dominant cerebral production of the neutrophil and monocyte attractant chemokines IL-8, MIP-2, GROα, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β, and the inflammatory infiltrates consist of predominantly neutrophils and monocytes (38)(39)(40). In contrast, during viral meningoencephalitis, including γHV68 ( Figure 5 and 6), cerebral expression of the lymphocyte and monocyte chemoattractants IP-10, MCP-1, and RANTES predominates (29).…”

Chemokines and chemokine receptors in CNS pathology

“…In another study elevated levels of IL-8, GRO-a and MCP-1 were found in the CSF from patients with bacterial and aseptic meningitis but not in parallel blood serum specimens (Sprenger et al, 1996). Number of granulocytes in the CSF from bacterial meningitis patients correlated with IL-8 and GRO-a levels, whereas MCP-1 level correlated well with mononuclear cell count in aseptic meningitis (Sprenger et al, 1996). In another study IL-8 concentration in the CSF was higher than 2.5 ng/ml in all samples from patients with pyogenic meningitis, but also in some samples from patients with nonbacterial meningitis (LopezCortes et al, 1995).…”

“…The CSF from meningitis patients was chemotactic in vitro for neutrophils and mononuclear leukocytes and the migration was diminished by speci®c anti-chemokine antibodies (Spanaus et al, 1997). In another study elevated levels of IL-8, GRO-a and MCP-1 were found in the CSF from patients with bacterial and aseptic meningitis but not in parallel blood serum specimens (Sprenger et al, 1996). Number of granulocytes in the CSF from bacterial meningitis patients correlated with IL-8 and GRO-a levels, whereas MCP-1 level correlated well with mononuclear cell count in aseptic meningitis (Sprenger et al, 1996).…”