Chemometric analysis of diesel fuel for forensic and environmental applications

Hupp, Amber M.; Marshall, Lucas J.; Campbell, Dahlia I.; Smith, Ruth; McGuffin, Victoria L.

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2007.11.007

Cited by 70 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…5,33 This observation is supported by the above mentioned TOC/TN ratio and terrigenous/aquatic ratio (TAR -indicator of relative terrigenous versus aquatic organic matter input) with values ranging from 0.9 to 40.1. In contrast, samples from locations SA1-4 have profiles characteristic of petroleum derivative products with even or unimodal distribution from n-C 14 to n-C 34 showing similarities to diesel fuel chromatograms (Figure 2). 34 Another n-alkane ratio widely used in environmental studies is the Carbon Preference Index (CPI).…”

Section: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and N-alkanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, samples from locations SA1-4 have profiles characteristic of petroleum derivative products with even or unimodal distribution from n-C 14 to n-C 34 showing similarities to diesel fuel chromatograms (Figure 2). 34 Another n-alkane ratio widely used in environmental studies is the Carbon Preference Index (CPI). [35][36][37] A CPI value close to 1 suggests the presence of petrogenic hydrocarbons and a CPI value greater than 3 suggests the presence of terrestrial plants.…”

Section: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and N-alkanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical markers as a tool to assess sedimentary organic matter sources of the Laguna Estuarine System, south Brazil: aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Tarozo

Frena

Augusto

et al. 2010

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Amostras de sedimentos superficiais do Sistema Estuarino de Laguna foram analisadas objetivando a identificação das fontes de matéria orgânica. Razões entre n-alcanos selecionados, elevados teores de hidrocarbonetos alifáticos (HA) (média de 9.168 µg g -1 de carbono orgânico, CO) e policíclicos aromáticos (HPA) (média total de 426.593 ng g -1 CO), e a distribuição de hopanos com estereoquímica αβ detectados nas amostras da Lagoa de Santo Antônio foram evidências de que o aporte de hidrocarbonetos petrogênicos prevalece sobre os de fontes naturais. Nas demais amostras estudadas, a distribuição de HA (de 38 até 2.749 µg g -1 CO), a detecção de hopenos e hopanos-ββ sugerem hidrocarbonetos de fontes mistas. Todavia, o teor de HPA em todas as amostras (de 7.731 até 786.469 ng g -1 CO, sendo que os aromáticos alquilados representaram > 92% do total) revelou contaminação petrogênica crítica. As atividades pesqueira e urbana são fontes potenciais dos hidrocarbonetos petrogênicos detectados nas amostras sedimentares.Surface sediment samples from the Laguna Estuarine System were analyzed to identify organic matter sources. The ratios between selected n-alkanes, high concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AH) (average of 9,168 µg g -1 of organic carbon, OC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (total average of 426,593 ng g -1 OC), and the hopanes distribution with αβ stereochemistry found in the Santo Antônio Lagoon samples were evidence that hydrocarbon inputs from petrogenic sources predominate over natural sources. In the other samples studied, the AH distribution (from 38 to 2,749 µg g -1 OC), and detection of hopenes and hopanes-ββ suggest mixed sources of hydrocarbons. Nevertheless, PAH concentrations in all samples (from 7,731 to 786,469 ng g -1 OC, whereof alkyl naphthalenes accounted for > 92% of the total) indicated critical petrogenic contamination. Fishing and urban activities are potential sources to the petrogenic hydrocarbons detected in these sediment samples. Keywords: hydrocarbons, hopanes, PAH, sediment, chromatography IntroductionEstuaries are important areas of world's coastal zones. In general, they are highly productive and provide spawning and nursery grounds for migratory species, besides playing a significant role in the global carbon cycle.1,2 Furthermore, an overwhelming majority of the human populations is concentrated along or near coasts, which inevitably leads to complex problems concerning environmental quality due to the residues generated by miscellaneous human activities.Along with various other organic and inorganic contaminants, the study of sedimentary aliphatic hydrocarbons (AH) (e.g., n-alkanes and hopanes) provides an important tool to assess organic matter sources and pollution levels in aquatic ecosystems. [3][4][5] This class of organic compounds has biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Natural inputs are comprised mostly of vascular plants, algae, microorganisms and early diagenesis of natural products, whereas petroleum and its derivatives are generally examples of hu...

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Section: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and N-alkanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and N-alkanesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical markers as a tool to assess sedimentary organic matter sources of the Laguna Estuarine System, south Brazil: aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Tarozo

Frena

Augusto

et al. 2010

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Hupp et al (2008) used this method to illustrate that diesel samples from the same brand showed higher PPMC coefficients with respect to their chemical characteristics. For the purpose of demonstrating whether optical measurements are positively correlated with the slit sampler data, results from analyzing two representative experiments are illustrated in Table 2.…”

Section: Limit Of Detection Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of using real-time optical methods for detecting the presence of viable bacteria aerosols at low concentrations in clean room environments

Stanley

Kuehn

2010

Aerobiologia

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An experimental investigation was carried out to determine the agreement between two methods of viable bacteria aerosol detection. Various amounts of Bacillus globigii (BG) spores were aerosolized in 1-s bursts into a HEPA-filtered air stream and sampled simultaneously with a fluorescence aerosol particle sensor (FLAPS) and a slit to agar biological air sampler. The slit sampler incorporated 150-mm malt extract culture plates, which were incubated at 37°C for at least 12 h before culturable BG particles were counted in terms of colony-forming units (CFU). A relationship between CFU and optically detected viable bacteria particles was determined as culturable particle concentrations decreased. Through further analytical procedures, the FLAPS showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 4.2 bacterial particle/2.5 l of sampled air or 1.7 9 10 3 m -3 . This real-time bacteria aerosol monitor could be used to detect burst contamination events during a surgical procedure. The technology may be used for developing a doseresponse relationship between bacterial particle exposure and infection, a tool potentially helpful in determining patient risk.

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“…Some databases, in particular, the Ignitable Liquids Database and Reference Collection (ILRC) created and maintained by the National Center for Forensic Science (NCFS) in collaboration with the Scientific Working Group for Fire and Explosions (SWGFEX), are available to assist fire debris analysts with the identification of ILRs form fire debris by following the ASTM E1618 [15] (https://ilrc.ucf.edu/). The classification of each IL is based on visual pattern recognition of the total ion chromatograms (TICs), extracted ion profiling (EIPs), and target compound analysis [12,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry for the Determination of Ignitable Liquids from Fire Debris

et al. 2018

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Abstract:A fast and correct identification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris investigation is of high importance in forensic research. Advanced fast analytical methods combined with chemometric tools are usually applied for these purposes. In the present study, the Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) combined with chemometrics is proposed as a promising technique for the identification of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris samples. Fire debris samples were created in the laboratory, according to the Destructive Distillation Method for Burning that is provided by the Bureau of Forensic Fire and Explosives. Four different substrates (pine wood, cork, paper, and cotton sheet) and four ignitable liquids of dissimilar composition (gasoline, diesel, ethanol, and paraffin) were used to create the fire debris. The Total Ion Current (TIC) Chromatogram combined with different chemometric tools (hierarchical cluster analysis and linear discriminant analysis) allowed for a full discrimination between samples that were burned with and without ignitable liquids. Additionally, a good identification (95% correct discrimination) for the specific ignitable liquid residues in the samples was achieved. Based on these results, the chromatographic data from HS-GC-IMS have been demonstrated to be very useful for the identification and discrimination of ignitable liquids residues. The main advantages of this approach vs. traditional methodology are that no sample manipulation or solvent is required; it is also faster, cheaper, and easy to use for routine analyses.

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Chemometric analysis of diesel fuel for forensic and environmental applications

Cited by 70 publications

References 18 publications

Geochemical markers as a tool to assess sedimentary organic matter sources of the Laguna Estuarine System, south Brazil: aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Geochemical markers as a tool to assess sedimentary organic matter sources of the Laguna Estuarine System, south Brazil: aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Feasibility of using real-time optical methods for detecting the presence of viable bacteria aerosols at low concentrations in clean room environments

Application of Headspace Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry for the Determination of Ignitable Liquids from Fire Debris

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