Chemometric Investigation and Antimicrobial Activity of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn Essential Oils

Abstract

To ensure the better production and sustainable management of natural resources, a chemometric investigation was conducted to examine the effect of cooperative and harvesting periods on the crop yields and chemical compositions of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn essential oils in the Oriental region of Morocco. The samples were collected from three cooperatives over nine time periods from January 2018 to April 2019. The chemical composition of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn essential oils was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The data from this study were processed by multivariate analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The disc diffusion technique and a determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration were performed to study the antibacterial properties of the oils. Statistical analysis showed that the cooperative and harvest period have a significant effect on yields. The highest yield of essential oil was recorded in April 2019 at cooperative C1. The PCA and the HCA results were divided into two groups: Group A for the summer season and group B for the winter season. The samples collected during summer were characterized by a high amount of 1,8-cineole component and a high yield of essential oil, whereas the samples collected during winter were qualified by a high amount of α-pinene component and a low yield of essential oil. The antibacterial activity of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn essential oils showed that Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC23857 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 23857 are the most susceptible strains, stopping growth at 1/500 (v/v). The least susceptible strain is Escherichia coli ATCC25922, with an MIC value corresponding to 1/250 (v/v). The findings of this study could have a positive economic impact on the exploitation of rosemary in the Oriental region, especially during the best harvest periods, as they indicate how to obtain the best yields of oils richest in 1,8-cineole and α-pinene chemotypes.

Simultaneous Hydrodistillation of Cedrus atlantica Manetti and Salvia rosmarinus Spenn: Optimization of Anti-Wood-Decay Fungal Activity Using Mixture Design Methodology

“…rosmarinus EO (81.64 ± 3.02%), followed by hydrocarbon monoterpene (17.63 ± 1.41%), whereas sesquiterpenes were detected in much lower amounts. This composition is similar to that found by Annemer et al and Sabbahi et al, who also harvested in the Province of Figuig, the Oriental region of Morocco. The S.…”

“…atlantica sawdust was collected from a cedarwood sawmill in Azrou (the Middle Atlas Mountains in Morocco) (latitude 33°26′9.226″N, longitude 5°13′21.104″W). All plants were collected during the same periodin Aprilbecause it is the best time to exploit rosemary . The herb should be dried in a shady place at an ambient temperature.…”

Rosemary: Unrevealing an old aromatic crop as a new source of promising functional food additive—A review

“…Rosemary extracts are generally less active against gramnegative bacteria than gram-positive bacteria (Annemer et al, 2022;Manilal et al, 2021). Annemer et al (2022) compared the susceptibility of two gram-positive bacteria (Mycobacterium smegmatis and B. subtilis) and one gram-negative bacteria (E. coli) under the treatment with rosemary extracts, and the results revealed the MIC value of rosemary extract against the two tested gram-positive bacteria was 1/500 (v/v), which was slightly more potent than that of E. coli (v/v = 1/250). Manilal et al (2021) demonstrated that these results might be attributed to the distinctive differences in cell membrane structure between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.…”

“…Annemer et al. (2022) compared the susceptibility of two gram‐positive bacteria ( Mycobacterium smegmatis and B. subtilis ) and one gram‐negative bacteria ( E. coli ) under the treatment with rosemary extracts, and the results revealed the MIC value of rosemary extract against the two tested gram‐positive bacteria was 1/500 (v/v), which was slightly more potent than that of E. coli (v/v = 1/250). Manilal et al.…”

Simultaneous Hydrodistillation of Cedrus atlantica Manetti and Salvia rosmarinus Spenn: Optimization of anti-wood-decay fungal activity using mixture design methodology

“…C. atlantica sawdust was collected from a cedarwood sawmill in Azrou (the Middle Atlas Mountains in Morocco) (latitude 33°26'9.226"N, longitude 5°13'21.104"W). All plants were collected during the same period-in April-because it is the best time to exploit rosemary (Annemer et al 2022). The herb should be dried in a shady place at an ambient temperature.…”