In this work, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were selected as reliable, fast, and nondestructive techniques to assess their potentialities for characterization and discrimination of nitrocellulose (NC)-based formulations containing different kinds of stabilizers and subjected to accelerated aging. Preliminary results based on visual comparison of the spectra point out that spectra obtained by both spectroscopic techniques were useful for a rapid detection of the aging process without additional sample preparation. Additionally, the existence of compatibility issues between NC and one of the stabilizers is easily recognized. The spectral data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) for visualization and to reveal differences between samples. The obtained results demonstrated that PCA plots were able to distinguish and classify the NC samples with respect to their respective stabilizers and aging.