Chemoprevention of Colonic Aberrant Crypt Foci by Novel Schiff Based Dichlorido(4-Methoxy-2-{[2-(Piperazin-4-Ium-1-Yl)Ethyl]Iminomethyl}Phenolate)Cd Complex in Azoxymethane-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Rats

Abstract

Schiff-based complexes as a source of cancer chemotherapeutic compounds have been subjected to the variety of anticancer studies. The in-vitro analysis confirmed the CdCl2(C14H21N3O2) complex possess cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction properties in colon cancer cells, so lead to investigate the inhibitory efficiency of the compound on colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Five groups of adult male rats were used in this study: Vehicle, cancer control, positive control groups and the groups treated with 25 and 50 mg/kg of complex for 10 weeks. The rats in vehicle group were injected subcutaneously with 15 mg/kg of sterile normal saline once a week for 2 weeks and orally administered with 5% Tween-20 (5 ml/kg) for 10 weeks, other groups were injected subcutaneously with 15 mg/kg azoxymethane once a week for 2 weeks. The rats in positive groups were injected intra-peritoneally with 35 mg/kg 5-Flourouracil four times in a month. Administration of the complex suppressed total colonic ACF formation up to 73.4% (P < 0.05). The results also showed that treatment with the complex significantly reduced the level of malondialdehyde while increasing superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Furthermore, the down-regulation of PCNA and Bcl2 and the up-regulation of Bax was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining.

The gastroprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Monolluma quadrangula against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries in Sprague Dawley rats

“…The gastric tissue was then sectioned at a thickness of 5 µm and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. 26 , 33 Light microscopy was used to assess the tissue sections for any histopathological deviations, such as hemorrhage, edema, necrosis, and congestion. Mucosal glycoproteins were also assessed by staining the gastric tissue with periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) stains.…”

Construing the Biochemical and Molecular Mechanism Underlying the In Vivo and In Vitro Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of Ruthenium-Baicalein Complex in Colon Cancer

“…PCNA or Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen serves as a processivity-promoting factor in DNA replication and an uncharacteristic upsurge of PCNA leading to epithelial cell proliferation is an early manifestation of pre-neoplasia 68. Studies reveal that the cellular level of PCNA is actively controlled by p53 69.…”

Deciphering the biochemical and molecular mechanism underlying the in vitro and in vivo chemotherapeutic efficacy of ruthenium quercetin complex in colon cancer

“…Abnormal epithelial cell proliferation due to over expression of PCNA is an earlier indication of pre‐neoplasia . It is found that p53 can control DNA replication by modulating PCNA levels .…”

“…Studies revealed that over expression of PCNA and suppression of apoptosis is involved in the progression of carcinoma formation by influencing a cascade of pathways . In addition to these, mutations of tumor suppressor protein p53, VEGF (by angiogenic pathway), mTOR signaling pathway, pro‐apoptotic protein Bax, and increased expression of anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl2 is found to be involved in the progression of colon cancer …”