Chemopreventive effects of caraway powder and oils to suppress 1, 2- dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis

Abstract

Objective: Caraway is native to western Asia, Europe and northern Africa with various pharmacological properties. To gain insight more into the mechanism(s) by which the caraway seed reduced colon premalignancies, in this study, for the first time, we decided to consider the chemopreventive effects of the whole caraway seed in comparing with its essential oils at higher dose (0.2% in diet). Methods: Colon cancer was induced by 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in rats (20 mg/kg body weight for 5 weeks) and groups of animals were given caraway preparations (0.2% in diet). After 16 weeks, the colon tissue biopsies were collected and analyzed for pathological observation of aberrant crypt (AC) and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) formations. In parallel, hepatic cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were measured. In addition, colonic β-catenin was measured either at protein or mRNA levels through ELISA and RT-PCT-ELISA assays, respectively. Results:The results showed that DMH-induced changes in hepatic CYP1A1 and GST activities were recovered in animals treated with caraway preparations. Also, elevated colonic β-catenin both at protein and mRNA levels were diminished in animals treated with caraway seed powder as well as caraway essential oils. These results are in parallel with decreased ACF formations in histopathological biopsies in caraway treated groups. Conclusion: From this study, it is obvious that one of the mechanism(s) of colon chemopreventive effects applied by caraway powder and its oils may be the decreased of colonic β-catenin at protein and mRNA levels through modulation of DMH metabolism(s). Key Words: Caraway seed, Essential oil, β, -catenin, DMH, Colon carcinogenesis Conflict of Interest: This research was conducted by the research deputy grant of Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University. ÖZETAmaç: Kimyon, batı Asya, Avrupa ve kuzey Afrika için birçok farmakolojik özellikleri ile yöresel bir üründür. Bu çalışmada, kimyon tohumunun kolonun premalignitelerini azaltmaya yönelik mekanizmalarını ilk defa detaylı anlamak için, bütün kimyon tohumunun ve diette alınan yüksek doz (%0.2) yağının karşılaştırılarak kemopreventif etkilerinin değerlendirilmesine karar verildi. Metod: Ratlarda kolon kanseri 1, 2-dimetilhidrazin (DMH)'in 20 mg/kg/tüm vücut ağırlığına 5 hafta boyunca uygulanması ile oluşturuldu ve gruplara diette %0.2 olacak şekilde kimyon preparatları verildi. 16 hafta sonunda kolon doku örnekleri alınarak aberant kript (AC) ve aberant kript odak (ACF) oluşumları patolojik olarak değerlendirildi. Eş zamanlı olarak hepatik sitokrom P4501A1 (CYP1A1) ve glutatyon-S-transferaz aktiviteleri ölçüldü. Ayrıca kolon β-katenin tayini protein ve mRNA düzeyinde ELIZA ve RT-PCT-ELIZA yöntemleri ile ölçüldü. Bulgular: Kimyon preparatları ile tedavi edilen hayvanlarda, DMH indüklenmesi ile hepatik CYP1A1 ve glutatyon-S-transferaz aktivitelerinde gözlenen değişikliklerin düzeldiği görüldü. Ayrıca hem protein hem de mRNA düzeyinde artmış β-katenin düzeyi kimyon tohumu tozu ve aynı za...