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Downy Mildew Resistance 6-like (DMR6-like) genes are identified as salicylic acid (SA) hydroxylases and negative regulators of plant immunity. Previously, we identified two rice DMR6-like genes, OsF3H03g, and OsF3H04g, that act as susceptible targets of transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) in rice. Furthermore, all four homologs of rice DMR6-like proteins were identified to predominantly carry the enzyme activity of SA 5-hydroxylase (S5H), negatively regulate rice broad-spectrum resistance, and cause the loss of function of these OsDMR6s, leading to increased resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight (BB). Here, we curiously found that an OsF3H04g knock-out mutant created by T-DNA insertion, osf3h04g, was remarkedly susceptible to BLS and BB and showed an extreme reduction in SA content. OsF3H04g knock-out rice lines produced by gene-editing were mildly susceptible to BLS and reduced content of SA. To explore the susceptibility mechanism in OsF3H04g loss-of-function rice lines, transcriptome sequencing revealed that another homolog, OsS3H, had induced expression in the loss-of-function OsF3H04g rice lines. Furthermore, we confirmed that a great induction of OsS3H downstream and genomically adjacent to OsF3H04g in osf3h04g was primarily related to the inserted T-DNA carrying quadruple enhancer elements of 35S, while a slight induction was caused by an unknown mechanism in gene-editing lines. Then, we found that the overexpression of OsS3H increased rice susceptibility to BLS, while gene-editing mediated the loss-of-function OsS3H enhanced rice resistance to BLS. However, the knock-out of both OsF3H04g and OsS3H by gene-editing only neutralized rice resistance to BLS. Thus, we concluded that the knock-out of OsF3H04g activated the expression of the OsS3H, partially participating in the susceptibility to BLS in rice.
Downy Mildew Resistance 6-like (DMR6-like) genes are identified as salicylic acid (SA) hydroxylases and negative regulators of plant immunity. Previously, we identified two rice DMR6-like genes, OsF3H03g, and OsF3H04g, that act as susceptible targets of transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) in rice. Furthermore, all four homologs of rice DMR6-like proteins were identified to predominantly carry the enzyme activity of SA 5-hydroxylase (S5H), negatively regulate rice broad-spectrum resistance, and cause the loss of function of these OsDMR6s, leading to increased resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight (BB). Here, we curiously found that an OsF3H04g knock-out mutant created by T-DNA insertion, osf3h04g, was remarkedly susceptible to BLS and BB and showed an extreme reduction in SA content. OsF3H04g knock-out rice lines produced by gene-editing were mildly susceptible to BLS and reduced content of SA. To explore the susceptibility mechanism in OsF3H04g loss-of-function rice lines, transcriptome sequencing revealed that another homolog, OsS3H, had induced expression in the loss-of-function OsF3H04g rice lines. Furthermore, we confirmed that a great induction of OsS3H downstream and genomically adjacent to OsF3H04g in osf3h04g was primarily related to the inserted T-DNA carrying quadruple enhancer elements of 35S, while a slight induction was caused by an unknown mechanism in gene-editing lines. Then, we found that the overexpression of OsS3H increased rice susceptibility to BLS, while gene-editing mediated the loss-of-function OsS3H enhanced rice resistance to BLS. However, the knock-out of both OsF3H04g and OsS3H by gene-editing only neutralized rice resistance to BLS. Thus, we concluded that the knock-out of OsF3H04g activated the expression of the OsS3H, partially participating in the susceptibility to BLS in rice.
The phyllosphere, comprising the aerial portions of plants, is a vibrant ecosystem teeming with diverse microorganisms crucial for plant health and productivity. This review examines the functional roles of phyllosphere microorganisms in rice (Oryza sativa), focusing on their importance in nutrient uptake, disease resistance, and growth promotion. The molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions are explored along with their potential applications in enhancing sustainable rice production. The symbiotic relationships between rice plants and their associated microorganisms are highlighted, offering insights into improved agricultural practices. Furthermore, this review addresses the challenges and future developments in translating laboratory findings into practical applications. By synthesizing current research, this comprehensive analysis serves as a valuable resource for leveraging phyllosphere microbes in rice farming and related fields.
O pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.), é uma cultura de grande importância econômica, social e ambiental, a qual apresenta funcionalidade nutracêutica, com produção mundial superior à 36 milhões de toneladas. No entanto seu cultivo e produção podem ser severamente afetados por doenças como a antracnose (Colletotrichum spp.) e fusariose (Fusarium spp.) que podem inviabilizar a colheita e comercialização. Tratamentos alternativos aos fungicidas, como extratos da fungicultura (cogumelos e seu substrato pós-cultivo), tem demonstrado eficiência no controle de fungos e proteção de plantas. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi enfatizar a importância do manejo anternativo de doenças em pimentão, principalmente quanto ao uso de extratos aquosos da fungicultura. Foram realizadas pesquisas, por meio das bases de dados “Portal de Periódicos CAPES”, “ScienceDirect", “Scopus”, “Google scholar”, como também em bases de dados governamentais. A busca foi realizada entre entre o período de dezembro de 2023 a fevereiro de 2024. O método de exclusão foi a partir da leitura dos títulos, resumos e o artigo por completo, sendo a exclusão realizada em cada uma destas fases. Constatou-se com a pesquisa a importância da cultura do pimentão, seja em aspectos sociais ou econômicos, as principais doenças responsáveis por baixo rendimento na cultura, como também a inviabilização da produção e comercialização, causado principalmente pela antracnose. Os estudos evidenciaram a importância de um manejo alternativo de doenças na cultura de pimentão, ante ao uso de produtos químicos, ressaltando o uso de extratos da fungicultura, como dos cogumelos Pleurotus ostreatus, Lentinula edodes e Ganoderma lucidum, como agentes de biocontrole e indutores de resistência promissores no controle de doenças em plantas. Portanto, esta revisão destaca o potencial significativo dos extratos aquosos da fugicultura, sejam eles dos cogumelos ou substrato pós-cultivo como agentes de biocontrole de doenças em plantas, possibilitando uma agricultura sustentável e valorização de uma economia circular. Em vista disso, pesquisas adicionais são necessárias, como espécies de cogumelos e seus substratos utilizados, métodos de extração, constituintes dos extratos, para compreender seus mecanismos de ação, eficácia e limitações.
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