Chemotactic response to mucin by Serpulina hyodysenteriae and other porcine spirochetes: potential role in intestinal colonization

Milner, Julie A.; Sellwood, R.

doi:10.1128/iai.62.9.4095-4099.1994

Cited by 64 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Seven of the eight original non-invasive mutants have been characterized at the molecular level, and all are defective in either motility or chemotaxis, underscoring the apparent requirement of motility for C. jejuni to invade in vitro. An association of motility/chemotaxis and virulence has been observed in a number of diverse pathogens (Freter et al, 1981;Liu et al, 1988;Milner and Sellwood, 1994), and a similar involvement of the chemotactic proteins with invasion of Salmonella has also been reported. Khoramian-Falsafi et al (1990) and Jones et al (1992) have shown that chemotactic mutants of S. typhimurium which were 'smooth' swimmers (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

CheY‐mediated modulation of Campylobacter jejuni virulence

Yao

Burr

Guerry

1997

Molecular Microbiology

164

170

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Summar yFour motile, non-adherent and non-invasive mutants of Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 generated by a sitespecific insertional mutagenesis scheme were characterized at the molecular level and all contained a duplication of the same region of the chromosome. When this region was cloned from wild-type 81-176 and transferred into 81-176 on a shuttle plasmid, the same non-invasive phenotype as the original mutants was observed, suggesting that the region contained a repressor of adherence and invasion. The smallest piece of DNA identified which was capable of repressing adherence and invasion was a 0.8 kb fragment encoding the cheY gene of C. jejuni. To confirm further that CheY was responsible for the observed non-adherent and non-invasive phenotypes, the cheY gene was inserted into the arylsulfatase gene of 81-176 to generate a strain with two chromosomal copies of cheY. This diploid strain displayed the same nonadherent and non-invasive phenotype as the original mutants. Insertional inactivation of the cheY gene in 81-176 resulted in an approx. threefold increase in adherence and invasion in vitro, but this strain was unable to colonize or cause disease in animals. The diploid cheY strain, although able to colonize mice, was attenuated in a ferret disease model.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

CheY‐mediated modulation of Campylobacter jejuni virulence

Yao

Burr

Guerry

1997

Molecular Microbiology

164

170

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“…Yet a recent study also showed that irrespective of diets B. andersonii seemed to be more abundant in the intestinal mucosa than the digesta of seawater phase Atlantic salmon (36). Known for high motility and chemotactic attraction to mucin, some Spirochaetes can penetrate the mucus and associate with the intestinal mucosa (55)(56)(57). Further work is required to confirm whether these taxa are consistently enriched in the intestinal mucus layer of seawater phase Atlantic salmon.…”

Section: Sample Origin Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Response of Digesta- and Mucosa-Associated Intestinal Microbiota to Dietary Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal in Seawater Phase Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Bruni

Jaramillo-Torres

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Intestinal digesta is commonly used for studying responses of microbiota to dietary shifts, yet evidence is accumulating that it represents an incomplete view of the intestinal microbiota. In a 16-week seawater feeding trial, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed either a commercially-relevant reference diet or an insect meal diet containing 15% black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal. The digesta-and mucosa-associated distal intestinal microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Regardless of diet, we observed substantial differences between digesta-and mucosa-associated intestinal microbiota. Microbial richness and diversity were much higher in the digesta than the mucosa. The insect meal diet altered the distal intestinal microbiota resulting in higher microbial richness and diversity. The diet effect, however, depended on the sample origin. Digesta-associated intestinal microbiota showed more pronounced changes than the mucosa-associated microbiota. Lastly, multivariate association analyses identified two mucosa-enriched taxa, Brevinema andersonii and unclassified Spirochaetaceae, associated with the expression of genes related to immune responses and barrier function in the distal intestine, respectively. Overall, our data clearly indicate that responses in digesta-and mucosa-associated microbiota to dietary inclusion of insect meal differ, with the latter being more resilient to dietary changes. Microbiota | Gut biogeography | Atlantic salmon | Diet | Black soldier fly Correspondence: yanxianl@nmbu.no Characterizing intestinal microbiota and its associationsLi & Bruni et al. | bioRχiv | May 24, 2020 | 1-8 with host responses is an essential step towards identifying key microbial clades promoting fish health and welfare. Ultimately, a milestone in the fish microbiota research would be knowing how to selectively manipulate the microbiota to improve the growth performance, disease resistance and health status of farmed fish. The main aims of the work presented herein were (i) to compare distal intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon fed a commercially relevant diet and an insect meal-based diet, (ii) to further explore the dissimilarity between digesta-and mucosa-associated microbiota and the differences in their response to dietary changes, and (iii) to identify associations between microbial clades and host responses. This work was part of a larger study consisting of a freshwater and seawater feeding trial that aimed to investigate the nutritional value and possible health effects for Atlantic salmon of a protein-rich insect meal produced from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. The present work focuses on the intestinal microbiota in seawater phase Atlantic salmon fed an insect meal diet containing 15% black soldier fly larvae meal for 16 weeks. Results on feed utilization, growth performance, fillet quality, intestinal histomorphology and gene expression have been reported elsewhere (30-32). ResultsHereafter, different sample groups are named based on the combination of die...

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“…As the disease progresses, lesions appear in the mucosa at sites of spirochete colonization and host blood passes from underlying capillaries into the intestinal lumen through the lesions (7,17). For the most part, bacterial characteristics essential for B. hyodysenteriae colonization and pathogenesis have not been thoroughly investigated, although there is evidence that hemolytic activity (15,48) and bacterial motility and chemotaxis (18,26,32) are important contributing factors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Oxygen Sensitivity, and Virulence of NADH Oxidase Mutants of the Anaerobic SpirocheteBrachyspira(Serpulina)hyodysenteriae, Etiologic Agent of Swine Dysentery

Stanton

Rosey²,

Kennedy³

et al. 1999

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Brachyspira (Serpulina)hyodysenteriae, the etiologic agent of swine dysentery, uses the enzyme NADH oxidase to consume oxygen. To investigate possible roles for NADH oxidase in the growth and virulence of this anaerobic spirochete, mutant strains deficient in oxidase activity were isolated and characterized. The cloned NADH oxidase gene (nox; GenBank accession no. U19610 ) on plasmid pER218 was inactivated by replacing 321 bp of coding sequence with either a gene for chloramphenicol resistance (cat) or a gene for kanamycin resistance (kan). The resulting plasmids, respectively, pCmΔNOX and pKmΔNOX, were used to transform wild-type B. hyodysenteriae B204 cells and generate the antibiotic-resistant strains Nox-Cm and Nox-Km. PCR and Southern hybridization analyses indicated that the chromosomal wild-type nox genes in these strains had been replaced, through allelic exchange, by the inactivatednox gene containing cat or kan. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblot analysis revealed that both nox mutant cell lysates were missing the 48-kDa Nox protein. Soluble NADH oxidase activity levels in cell lysates of Nox-Cm and Nox-Km were reduced 92 to 96% compared to the activity level in parent strain B204. In an aerotolerance test, cells of both nox mutants were at least 100-fold more sensitive to oxygen exposure than were cells of the wild-type parent strain B204. In swine experimental infections, bothnox mutants were less virulent than strain B204 in that fewer animals were colonized by the mutant cells and infected animals displayed mild, transient signs of disease, with no deaths. These results provide evidence that NADH oxidase serves to protect B. hyodysenteriae cells against oxygen toxicity and that the enzyme, in that role, contributes to the pathogenic ability of the spirochete.

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Chemotactic response to mucin by Serpulina hyodysenteriae and other porcine spirochetes: potential role in intestinal colonization

Cited by 64 publications

References 32 publications

CheY‐mediated modulation of Campylobacter jejuni virulence

CheY‐mediated modulation of Campylobacter jejuni virulence

Differential Response of Digesta- and Mucosa-Associated Intestinal Microbiota to Dietary Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Meal in Seawater Phase Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Isolation, Oxygen Sensitivity, and Virulence of NADH Oxidase Mutants of the Anaerobic SpirocheteBrachyspira(Serpulina)hyodysenteriae, Etiologic Agent of Swine Dysentery

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