Chemotherapy-Based Control of Schistosomiasis haematobia. I. Metrifonate Versus Praziquantel in Control of Intensity and Prevalence of Infection

King, Charles H.; Lombardi, Giuseppe; Lombardi, C; Greenblatt, Ruth M.; Hodder, Sally; Kinyanjui, H.; Ouma, John H.; Odiambo, O; Bryan, Patrick J.; Muruka, J; Magak, Phillip; Weinert, Dayna M.; Mackay, Wilma; Ransohoff, David F.; Houser, H. B.; Koech, Davy K.; Siongok, T. K. Arap; Mahmoud, Adel A. F.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1988.39.295

Cited by 80 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The resulting images were scored for hydronephrosis and bladder abnormalities as previously described. 22 Cytologic evaluation. Forty-five milliliters of urine from each subject was placed in a plastic tube containing 5 ml of fixative (2.5% Carbowax in ethyl alcohol).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bomani Village was selected for primary study because it is located within a designated Schistosomiasis Control Area, and its demography and patterns of water contact had been previously evaluated. 19,20 In the present crosssectional study, all available Bomani residents were evaluated by physical and parasitologic examinations, as well as by urine cytological examination, prior to treatment for S. haematobium infection. Because some school-age children from Bomani had been previously treated in an ongoing S. haematobium control program, they were excluded from analysis in the present cytologic study, which aimed to evaluate abnormalities in untreated individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each participant received an intake physical examination to assess general health and hepatosplenomegaly. 19 Following instruction in midstream urine collection, urine samples were then collected from each individual. Urines were semi-quantitatively scored for hematuria and proteinuria using Chemstrip 5 dipsticks (Fisher Scientific, Fairlawn, NJ), 19 and S. haematobium infection was detected and quantified by Nuclepore (Nuclepore, Pleasanton, CA) filtration of two 10-ml aliquots of stirred urine, † P Ͻ 0.01, higher prevalence than among the uninfected group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predisposition to urinary tract epithelial metaplasia in Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Hodder¹,

Mahmoud²,

Sorenson³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Although there is strong epidemiologic evidence linking Schistosoma haematobium infection with carcinoma of the bladder, the utility of cytologic screening for urinary tract cancer has not been critically evaluated in S. haematobium-endemic populations. The present cross-sectional study examined urine cytology findings among 1,014 residents (ages 1 to 91) of the S. haematobium-endemic Msambweni area of Coast Province, Kenya. Among 705 evaluable cytology specimens, prevalence of inflammation (39%), hyperkeratosis (30%), metaplasia (33%), and frank atypia (0.4%) was notably higher than in previously studied, non-endemic populations. Overall, S. haematobium infection was strongly associated with increased risk for cytologic abnormality (Ͼ 2.8-fold relative risk of metaplasia or hyperkeratosis; P Ͻ 0.001). Age-group analysis confirmed parallel increases in metaplasia and S. haematobium infection prevalence early in life (from age 1 to 15 for both boys and girls). However, above age 20, metaplasia prevalence persisted at 33-45% prevalence despite a decline in infection prevalence and intensity. Prevalence of advanced (moderate or severe) metaplasia showed two age-related peaks: the first at 10-14 years of age (at the time of peak infection), and the second among subjects Ն 60 years old. No cancers were detected in the study population either on cytology or on follow-up ultrasound examination. These data suggest an age-dependent progression of cellular abnormalities in the urinary epithelium that is associated with chronic S. haematobium infection, which becomes independent of concurrent infection intensity as subjects grow older. Implications for cancer screening are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predisposition to urinary tract epithelial metaplasia in Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Hodder¹,

Mahmoud²,

Sorenson³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…30 That study's lesion clearance rates were 93% and 88% for lower and upper urinary tract lesions, respectively. King and others 31,39 reported significant reductions in bladder wall lesions among school-age children after 1 year, but no net change in obstructive findings (hydronephrosis/hydroureter), until 2-3 years after the introduction of school-based PZQ or metrifonate treatment in Kenya. Again, younger age was associated with faster clearance of bladder and upper urinary tract lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrasound examinations are carried out in local village structures under field conditions using a portable ultrasound unit (Sonosite 180, Bothell, WA) run on battery power. 16,21 Images were archived either by thermal printing or electronic image capture. Ultrasound examinations are performed and scored by two independent readers of the study team who were unaware of the subject's infection status, using the standardized WHO Niamey protocols for detection of morbidity of the urinary tract caused by S. haematobium.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case–Control Study of Posttreatment Regression of Urinary Tract Morbidity Among Adults in Schistosoma haematobium–Endemic Communities in Kwale County, Kenya

Magak

Chang-Cojulun

Kadzo

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Previous population-based studies have examined treatment impact on Schistosoma-associated urinary tract disease among children, but much less is known about longer-term treatment benefits for affected adult populations in areas where risk of recurrent infection is high. In communities in Msambweni, along the Kenya coast, we identified, using a portable ultrasound, 77 adults (aged 17-85) with moderate-to-severe obstructive uropathy or bladder disease due to Schistosoma haematobium. Treatment response was assessed by repeat ultrasound 1-2 years after praziquantel (PZQ) therapy and compared with interval changes among age-and sex-matched infected/treated control subjects who did not have urinary tract abnormalities at the time of initial examination. Of the 77 affected adults, 62 (81%) had improvement in bladder and/or kidney scores after treatment, 14 (18%) had no change, and one (1.3%) had progression of disease. Of the 77 controls, 75 (97%) remained disease free by ultrasound, while two (3%) had apparent progression with abnormal findings on follow-up examination. We conclude that PZQ therapy for S. haematobium is effective in significantly reducing urinary tract morbidity from urogenital schistosomiasis among adult age groups, and affected adults stand to benefit from inclusion in mass treatment campaigns.

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Interventions for treating schistosomiasis haematobium

SQUIRES¹

1997

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Chemotherapy-Based Control of Schistosomiasis haematobia. I. Metrifonate Versus Praziquantel in Control of Intensity and Prevalence of Infection

Cited by 80 publications

References 4 publications

Predisposition to urinary tract epithelial metaplasia in Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Predisposition to urinary tract epithelial metaplasia in Schistosoma haematobium infection.

Case–Control Study of Posttreatment Regression of Urinary Tract Morbidity Among Adults in Schistosoma haematobium–Endemic Communities in Kwale County, Kenya

Interventions for treating schistosomiasis haematobium

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