Chemotherapy for Biliary Tract Cancer in 2021

Sasaki, Takashi; Takeda, Tsuyoshi; Okamoto, Takeshi; Ozaka, Masato; Sasahira, Naoki

doi:10.3390/jcm10143108

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…GBCS is a rare advanced BTC associated with low incidence and dismal prognosis ( 7 ). While the surgical treatment is the potentially curative option for gallbladder carcinoma, its high propensity for local invasion and early relapse may impair the surgical efficacy ( 8 , 9 ). Furthermore, there is limited research on the experiences with treatment for the rare, highly malignant biliary tract neoplasm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Response to Combined Chemotherapy and Anti-PD-1 Therapy for Recurrent Gallbladder Carcinosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

et al. 2022

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BackgroundGallbladder carcinosarcoma (GBCS) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with extremely poor prognosis. Although surgery is regarded as the primary therapy for GBCS, the effective therapeutic strategies for unresected lesions have been poorly defined.Case PresentationWe presented a case of a 74-year-old male who underwent radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma at a local hospital. Seven months later, he was admitted to our hospital due to right upper abdominal discomfort. Postoperative radiological examinations showed multiple hepatic lesions, hilar lymph node metastasis, and main portal vein tumor thrombus. The pathological consultation results confirmed GBCS and immunohistochemical examinations revealed PD-L1 expression in 20% of tumor cells. Then, the patient received chemotherapy (Gemcitabine plus Oxaliplatin, GEMOX) in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy. After nine courses of the combination therapy, complete regression of the tumors was achieved with no evidence of relapse till now.ConclusionsWe, for the first time, reported a patient with recurrent GBCS who benefited from the combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy, providing a potential effective management strategy for the refractory malignant tumor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete Response to Combined Chemotherapy and Anti-PD-1 Therapy for Recurrent Gallbladder Carcinosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

et al. 2022

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“…Systemic chemotherapy with a combination of gemcitabine and is globally considered the standard first-line therapy for advanced CCA (27). However, effective chemotherapy for CCA is still limited, and the development of new therapies has not proressed sufficiently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urolithin A targets the AKT/WNK1 axis to induce autophagy and exert anti-tumor effects in cholangiocarcinoma

et al. 2022

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Urolithin A (UA; 3,8-dihydroxybenzo[c]chromen-6-one), a metabolite generated by intestinal bacteria during the biotransformation of ellagitannins, has gained considerable attention in treating several cancers. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains one of the most lethal cancers; it grows in a special environment constantly exposed to both blood and bile. Since UA is known to undergo enterohepatic recirculation, we hypothesized that UA might have significant antitumor effects in CCA. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of UA in CCA and aimed to elucidate its mechanisms, including autophagy. UA treatment inhibited cell proliferation and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in CCA cells. UA also suppressed cell migration and invasion, but did not cause apoptosis. Furthermore, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry demonstrated increased LC3-II accumulation, while electron microscopy demonstrated induced autophagosomes after UA treatment, suggesting that UA upregulated autophagy in CCA cells. In xenograft mice treated with UA, tumor growth was inhibited with increased LC3-II levels. On the other hand, phospho-kinase array demonstrated downregulation of the AKT/WNK1 pathway. LC3-II expression was elevated in WNK1 knocked down cells, indicating that WNK1 is the key signal for regulating autophagy. Thus, UA exerted antitumor effects by suppressing the AKT/WNK1 signaling pathway and inducing autophagy. In conclusion, UA, a natural, well-tolerated compound, may be a promising therapeutic candidate for advanced CCA.

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“…The histology of BTC is mainly adenocarcinoma. The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma has been increasing worldwide, whereas that of GBC has been decreasing in recent years [4]. Surgical resection is the only method for the long-term survival of patients with resectable BTC [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic role of the systemic immune-inflammation index in biliary tract cancers: a meta-analysis of 3,515 patients

Zhang

Yao²

2022

World J Surg Onc

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Background The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is an inflammatory parameter calculated as platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood. In recent years, the prognostic role of the SII in patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) has been gradually investigated. However, the results were controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to illustrate the prognostic value of the SII in BTC. Methods The electronic databases of PubMed, the Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were thoroughly retrieved up to April 15, 2022. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the prognostic value of the SII for clinical outcomes. The association between the SII and overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS)/progression-free survival (PFS) was evaluated. Results Thirteen studies involving 3515 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results indicated that an elevated SII was significantly associated with poor OS (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.47–2.14; p<0.001) and RFS/PFS (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.38–1.99; p<0.001) in patients with BTC. Subgroup analysis stratified by country, sample size, and cutoff value showed similar results. The sensitivity analysis and publication bias test confirmed the reliability of our results. Conclusions An elevated pretreatment SII was significantly associated with worse OS and RFS/PFS in patients with BTC. Our results suggest that the SII is a valuable and cost-effective prognostic parameter for the treatment of patients with BTC.

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Chemotherapy for Biliary Tract Cancer in 2021

Cited by 29 publications

References 92 publications

Complete Response to Combined Chemotherapy and Anti-PD-1 Therapy for Recurrent Gallbladder Carcinosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Complete Response to Combined Chemotherapy and Anti-PD-1 Therapy for Recurrent Gallbladder Carcinosarcoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Urolithin A targets the AKT/WNK1 axis to induce autophagy and exert anti-tumor effects in cholangiocarcinoma

Prognostic role of the systemic immune-inflammation index in biliary tract cancers: a meta-analysis of 3,515 patients

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