Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases

Alberts, Steven R.; Wagman, Lawrence D.

doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0142

Cited by 60 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…60 The success of carboplatin, originally known as JM8, has largely been driven by its favorable toxicity profile. 61 This feature derives directly from alteration in reactivity at the metal center because of the chelating nature of the leaving group ligand and, potentially, the conformation that this ligand assumes. 12 Carboplatin is used primarily to treat ovarian cancer but has also found use in treating retinoblastomas, neuroblastomas, nephroblastomas, and brain tumors, as well as cancers of the head and neck, endometrium, cervix, testes, breast, lung, and bladder.…”

Section: Platinum(ii) Compounds With a Mechanism Of Action Similarmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs: Targeted Pt(II) Agents, Nanoparticle Delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs

2016

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The platinum drugs, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, prevail in the treatment of cancer,, but new platinum agents have been very slow to enter the clinic. Recently, however, there has been a surge of activity, based on a great deal of mechanistic information, aimed at developing non-classical platinum complexes that operate via mechanisms of action distinct from those of the approved drugs. The use of nanodelivery devices has also grown and many different strategies have been explored to incorporate platinum warheads into nanomedicine constructs. In this review, we discuss these efforts to create the next generation of platinum anticancer drugs. The introduction provides the reader with a brief overview of the use, development, and mechanism of action of the approved platinum drugs to provide the context in which more recent research has flourished. We then describe approaches that explore non-classical platinum(II) complexes with trans geometry and with a monofunctional coordination mode, polynuclear platinum(II) compounds, platinum(IV) prodrugs, dual-treat agents, and photoactivatable platinum(IV) complexes. Nanodelivery particles designed to deliver platinum(IV) complexes will also be discussed, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles. Additional nanoformulations including supramolecular self-assembled structures, proteins, peptides, metal-organic frameworks, and coordination polymers will then be described. Finally, the significant clinical progress made by nanoparticle formulations of platinum(II) agents will be reviewed. We anticipate that such a synthesis of disparate research efforts will not only help to generate new drug development ideas and strategies, but also reflect our optimism that the next generation of platinum cancer drugs is about to arrive.

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Section: Platinum(ii) Compounds With a Mechanism Of Action Similarmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs: Targeted Pt(II) Agents, Nanoparticle Delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs

2016

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“…A meta-analysis based on two phase III clinical trials in which 138 patients received 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus leucovorin (LV) chemotherapy after radical resection demonstrated a trend toward longer median progression-free survival (PFS) compared to 140 patients who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy (2.20 vs. 1.55 years; p = 0.058). However, there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival (OS; 5.09 vs. 3.91 years; p = 0.095) [14]. In contrast, a multicenter randomized trial involving adjuvant 5-FU/LV for 6 months demonstrated a significant benefit in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) with adjuvant chemotherapy versus surgery alone (33.3 vs. 26.7%; p = 0.028) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, a multicenter randomized trial involving adjuvant 5-FU/LV for 6 months demonstrated a significant benefit in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) with adjuvant chemotherapy versus surgery alone (33.3 vs. 26.7%; p = 0.028) [5]. Though there was a trend towards a higher 5-year survival rate with adjuvant chemotherapy, this rate did not attain statistical significance (51.1 vs. 41.1%; p = 0.13) [14]. A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) intergroup trial demonstrated improvement in PFS as a result of perioperative chemotherapy with a regimen of 5-FU/LV with oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) including both pre- and postoperative chemotherapy, but not with a regimen including postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy alone [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Curatively Resected Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis

Kim¹,

Min

Shin³

et al. 2011

Oncology

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Objectives: Although surgical resection alone has been validated as a standard treatment for patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer, a high rate of recurrence is still an issue to be overcome. We aimed to assess the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy using an oxaliplatin-based regimen in patients who underwent hepatic and primary colorectal cancer resection. Methods: Sixty patients who received oxaliplatin-based postoperative chemotherapy combined with curative resection of primary colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases between January 2000 and February 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate survival, and prognostic factors were evaluated with the log-rank test. Results: Median overall survival (OS) was 62.8 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 44.1–81.3], and median relapse-free survival (RFS) was 32.8 months (95% CI 5.8–59.6). The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 95.0, 68.8 and 55.5%, respectively. The relapse-free interval and modality of liver resection were independently associated with OS. Conclusions: Oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy after radical resection resulted in increased OS and RFS with acceptable tolerability compared to surgery alone. However, it is not yet clear whether postoperative oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy improves outcome compared to patients treated with 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin.

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“…The recognition that early treatment of liver metastases may lead to a favourable outcome has resulted in high levels of radiological screening for synchronous liver metastases. 1 Consequently, the incidence and prognosis of patients with liver metastasis is currently well documented.…”

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confidence: 99%

Predictors and survival of synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin: A population‐based study

Lemmens

Klaver

Verwaal

et al. 2010

Intl Journal of Cancer

297

208

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The aim of our study was to provide population‐based data on incidence and prognosis of synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis and to evaluate predictors for its development. Diagnosed in 1995–2008, 18,738 cases of primary colorectal cancer were included. Predictors of peritoneal carcinomatosis were analysed by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Median survival in months was calculated by site of metastasis. In the study period, 904 patients were diagnosed with synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis (4.8% of total, constituting 24% of patients presenting with M1 disease). The risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis was increased in case of advanced T stage [T4 vs. T1,2: odds ratio (OR) 4.7, confidence limits 4.0–5.6), advanced N stage [N0 vs. N1,2: OR 0.2 (0.1–0.2)], poor differentiation grade [OR 2.1 (1.8–2.5)], younger age [<60 years vs. 70–79 years: OR 1.4 (1.1–1.7)], mucinous adenocarcinoma [OR 2.0 (1.6–2.4)] and right‐sided localisation of primary tumour [left vs. right: OR 0.6 (0.5–0.7)]. Median survival of patients with peritoneum as single site of metastasis remained dismal [1995–2001: 7 (6–9) months; 2002–2008: 8 (6–11) months], contrasting the improvement among patients with liver metastases [1995–2001: 8 (7–9) months; 2002–2008: 12 (11–14) months]. To conclude, synchronous peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer are more frequent among younger patients and among patients with advanced T stage, mucinous adenocarcinoma, right‐sided tumours and tumours that are poorly differentiated. The prognosis of synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis remains poor with a median survival of 8 months and even worse if concomitant metastases in other organs are present.

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Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases

Cited by 60 publications

References 75 publications

The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs: Targeted Pt(II) Agents, Nanoparticle Delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs

The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs: Targeted Pt(II) Agents, Nanoparticle Delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs

Efficacy of Oxaliplatin-Based Chemotherapy in Curatively Resected Colorectal Cancer with Liver Metastasis

Predictors and survival of synchronous peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin: A population‐based study

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