Chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive review

Karim, Syed Mustafa; Zekri, Jamal

doi:10.4081/oncol.2012.e4

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 159 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Lung cancer is generally divided into two types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Both SCLC and NSCLC are treated with similar chemotherapeutic agents often in combination such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine (CAV) or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and etoposide (CDE) ( 234 – 236 ). In addition, different targeted antibodies and immunomodulators are currently used for the treatment of lung cancer ( 237 , 238 ).…”

Section: Mdscs In Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Era of Cancer Immunotherapy: Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Overcome Immune Evasion

2020

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Suppression of antitumor immune responses is one of the main mechanisms by which tumor cells escape from destruction by the immune system. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent the main immunosuppressive cells present in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that sustain cancer progression. MDSCs are a heterogeneous group of immature myeloid cells with a potent activity against T-cell. Studies in mice have demonstrated that MDSCs accumulate in several types of cancer where they promote invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis formation and inhibit antitumor immunity. In addition, different clinical studies have shown that MDSCs levels in the peripheral blood of cancer patients correlates with tumor burden, stage and with poor prognosis in multiple malignancies. Thus, MDSCs are the major obstacle to many cancer immunotherapies and their targeting may be a beneficial strategy for improvement the efficiency of immunotherapeutic interventions. However, the great heterogeneity of these cells makes their identification in human cancer very challenging. Since both the phenotype and mechanisms of action of MDSCs appear to be tumor-dependent, it is important to accurately characterized the precise MDSC subsets that have clinical relevance in each tumor environment to more efficiently target them. In this review we summarize the phenotype and the suppressive mechanisms of MDSCs populations expanded within different tumor contexts. Further, we discuss about their clinical relevance for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

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Section: Mdscs In Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The New Era of Cancer Immunotherapy: Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Overcome Immune Evasion

2020

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“…Thus, strategies to reduce acute adverse events are critical and may result in enhanced tolerability of curative-intent concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Doing so may maximize outcomes, as suboptimal chemotherapy receipt and RT treatment breaks correlate with poorer prognoses in lung cancer (38,39). Furthermore, because patients with LS-SCLC can develop locoregional recurrence following chemoradiotherapy, PBT may also allow for safer reirradiation if clinically warranted (40).…”

Section: Rationale For Pbt In Ls-sclcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton therapy for small cell lung cancer

Verma

Choi

Simone

2018

Transl. Lung Cancer Res.

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The prognosis of limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) continues to improve and is now roughly comparable to that of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This shift, taken together with the decreased toxicities of modern radiotherapy (RT) for LS-SCLC compared with those reported in historical trials, necessitates further evaluation of whether proton beam therapy (PBT) could further reduce both acute and late toxicities for patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy for LS-SCLC. These notions are discussed theoretically, with an emphasis on cardiac events. This is followed by a review of the published evidence to date demonstrating improved dosimetry with PBT over intensity-modulated RT and encouraging safety and efficacy profiles seen in early clinical reports. In addition to covering technical aspects of PBT for LS-SCLC such as intensity-modulated PBT, image-guidance for PBT, and adaptive planning, this review also discusses the need for increased data on intensity-modulated PBT for LS-SCLC, economic and quality of life analyses for future PBT SCLC studies, careful categorization of cardiac events in these patients, and the role for immunotherapy combined with photon- or proton-based RT for LS-SCLC.

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“…Platinum based combination chemotherapy would be the preferred choice, with meta-analysis of nine randomised controlled trials showed improved survival in bladder cancer patients 14 15. Our platinum chemotherapy treatment regime favoured the combination with etoposide, in view of its established benefit in the treatment of small cell lung cancer 16…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognosis of early stage small cell bladder cancer is not always dismal

Lim

Sundar

2019

ESMO Open

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BackgroundSmall cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (SCCB) is an extremely rare malignancy which is often associated with poor survival outcome. Literature reporting such disease is scarce. There is no standardised management. This retrospective audit examines a UK Cancer Centre’s SCCB management and survival outcomes.MethodsHistopathology database at Nottingham University Hospitals, UK, was used to identify patients diagnosed with SCCB from January 2008 to January 2016.Results27 patients had confirmed diagnosis of SCCB. Mean age at diagnosis was 68.7 (range 37–90). 30% of the cases had pure small cell histology, while the rest were mixed histological subtype. Of the 12 patients with early stage disease (stage I and II), three had radical cystectomy and chemotherapy, six had both radiotherapy and chemotherapy, two had either radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone, and one declined active treatment. Of the 12 patients with advanced disease (stage III and IV), four had chemotherapy alone, four had both radiotherapy and chemotherapy and four was for best supportive care. 13 out of 16 patients who had chemotherapy received combination of carboplatin and etoposide. Patients with advanced stage disease had medial survival of 9 months (95% CI 3.9 to 14.1 months). The median survival for patients with early disease was not reached. There is significant difference in survival between early and late stage disease (p value 0.008, Log rank test).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated a reasonable survival outcome in early stage SCCB patients. Radical multimodality treatment options should not be precluded in patients with early stage SCCB.

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Chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive review

Cited by 26 publications

References 159 publications

The New Era of Cancer Immunotherapy: Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Overcome Immune Evasion

The New Era of Cancer Immunotherapy: Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Overcome Immune Evasion

Proton therapy for small cell lung cancer

Prognosis of early stage small cell bladder cancer is not always dismal

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