Chemotherapy impedes in vitro microcirculation and promotes migration of leukemic cells with impact on metastasis

Microgravity Modulates Effects of Chemotherapeutic Drugs on Cancer Cell Migration

“…Furthermore, the question is important because although chemotherapeutic drugs target and kill tumor cells during cancer treatment, emerging evidence suggests that some cancer drugs inadvertently promote metastasis [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. We recently showed that leukemic cancer cells treated with doxorubicin, an anti-cancer drug, migrated better than untreated cells, prior to cell death [ 14 ]. Obviously, the ongoing search for anti-metastasis therapy [ 15 ] would benefit from a physical system that might alter any pro-metastatic effects of anti-cancer drugs in order to improve therapeutic outcomes.…”

“…To address our hypothesis, we considered the fact that disseminating tumor cells (DTCs) must be good at intravasating into and/or extravasating from blood vessels and migrating away from primary tumor cites in order to form new tumors [ 16 , 17 ]. Thus, we subjected cancer cells to 48 h of microgravity and used standard migration assays to compare the migratory abilities of chemotherapy-treated and untreated cancer cells, in order to assess whether microgravity alters our hitherto reported [ 14 ] inadvertent pro-metastatic effect of the anti-cancer drugs: daunorubicin (Dauno) and doxorubicin (Dox). Both Dox and Dauno are commonly used in the clinic against several cancers, such as breast, lung and ovarian cancers, malignant melanomas and leukemia [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Fluorescence intensity modulation of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots assesses reactive oxygen species during chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer cells

“…Chemotherapeutic Drugs used were two anthracyclines Doxorubicin, Dox (4458; Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) and Daunorubicin, Dauno (D8809; Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA). These anticancer drugs were employed in this work to induce controlled changes in cellular activities, since their overall effects on cells have been characterized by others and by us . To address our hypothesis, whether bioactive molecules and/or molecules from biological cells can alter the optoelectronic properties of QDs, we chose these two chemotherapeutic drugs as sources of bioactive molecules.…”

“…HL60 cells, originally derived from an acute myeloid leukemia patient, are nonadherent cells that grow in suspension and have been used for a variety of in vitro studies including differentiation into monocytes, neutrophils and macrophages . These cells were purchased from ATCC (CCL‐240; ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) cultured and kept in an incubator at a temperature of 37°C and 5% CO 2 using a medium‐containing RPMI 1640 (11 875 093; Life Technologies, Carlsbad, Canada), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% Penicillin/Streptomycin . Since the NPDD already uses QDs with Dox and Dauno, we focused on cells that are the common targets of these Dox and Dauno.…”

“…In order to quantify the changes induced in the photophysical properties of QDs by charged ions of cellular origin, Dox‐ and Dauno‐treated HL60 and K562 cells were used. The final concentrations of Dox and Dauno were maintained at 5 and 1 μM (as in the culture‐medium‐only cells above), and these are clinically optimal concentrations . This enabled the comparison of changes induced only by Dox and Dauno (without cells) with changes induced by Dox and Dauno following the latter's interactions with cells.…”