Chemotherapy of babesiosis

Kuttler, Kenneth; Aliu, Y. O.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6042-8_11

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In the case of cat 1, the rapid response to therapy with the elevation in red blood cell counts just several days after treatment probably indicated that FIV was not a major contributor to the cat's anemia. Both B. canis infection in dogs (19) and feline hemoplasma infections (20) respond to imidocarb diproprionate therapy. Consequently, a therapeutic response in cat 1 does not indicate whether either or both infections played a role in the devel- opment of clinical disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection with a Proposed New Subspecies ofBabesia canis,Babesia canissubsp.presentii, in Domestic Cats

et al. 2004

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Parasitemia with a large Babesia species was identified in two domestic cats from Israel. One cat, also coinfected with feline immunodeficiency virus and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum," had profound icterus and anemia which resolved after therapy, whereas a second cat was an asymptomatic carrier. Amplification and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene, followed by phylogenetic analyses, indicated that infection was caused by Babesia canis. However, the sequences of the internal transcribed and 5.8S rRNA regions of the ribosomal operon used for subspeciation of B. canis were markedly different from the recognized subspecies of B. canis, which include B. canis vogeli, B. canis canis, and B. canis rossi. Based on phylogenetic comparisons of the 18S rRNA gene, 5.8S, and internal transcribed spacer sequences of the isolates from the cats and on the smaller sizes of the merozoite and trophozoite stages of this parasite, which distinguish it from the subspecies of B. canis present in dogs, we propose to identify the novel feline genotype of B. canis described in the present study as a new subspecies, B. canis subsp. presentii.Babesia species are tick-borne intraerythrocytic apicomplexan parasites found in a variety of domestic and wild animals and in humans. Babesiosis in domestic cats has primarily been reported in South Africa, where infection is mainly due to Babesia felis, a small Babesia that causes anemia and icterus (24,28). In addition, Babesia cati was reported from a cat (Felis catus) in India (23) and sporadic cases of infection in domestic cats by unidentified Babesia parasites have been reported in France, Germany, Thailand, and Zimbabwe (3,16,22,29). Reports of Babesia in wild felids include Babesia herpailuri from a jaguarundi (Herpailurus yaguarundi) (7), Babesia pantherae from a leopard (Panthera pardus) (8), Babesia leo from lions (Panthera leo) (24), and a unidentified piroplasm in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) (1). Cytauxzoon felis is a piroplasm that is phylogenetically related to Theileria and Babesia and infects the bobcat (Lynx rufus) (11) and domestic cats (34). In a recent study from Spain and Portugal, a partial DNA sequence from the small subunit RNA gene identified as Babesia canis canis was amplified from the blood of three cats in which parasites were not visualized by microscopy (6). This has provided initial molecular evidence for infection by Babesia canis in cats.Babesia infections in domestic dogs are caused by large piroplasms described as B. canis and by smaller parasites that are mostly grouped under the species Babesia gibsoni. Three subspecies of B. canis have been recognized based on differences in the pathological and clinical syndromes caused by each subspecies, antigenic properties, transmission by different vector ticks, and genetic characterization (5,13,27,36). B. canis rossi described in South Africa is transmitted by the tick Haemaphysalis leachi and causes a severe and often fatal hemolytic disease in dogs (25). B. canis vogeli is found in the Middle East, North Africa, ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection with a Proposed New Subspecies ofBabesia canis,Babesia canissubsp.presentii, in Domestic Cats

et al. 2004

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“…The recommended dose is 15–20 mg/kg, SC, every 12 hours for 2 consecutive days. Adverse effects include injection site pain, hypotension, tachycardia, and vomiting 3,137 …”

Section: Treatment and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A single dose of 7.5 mg/kg, IM or co‐administration with diminazine have both proven efficacious in resolution of clinical signs in B. canis infected dogs. A dose of 5–6.6 mg/kg, IM on days 1 and 14 eliminates clinical signs and decreases the infectivity of tick vectors who feed on treated blood for up to 4 weeks post‐therapy 134,137–139 . In addition, a prophylactic protective post‐therapy effect has been documented for up to 6 weeks 140 .…”

Section: Treatment and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical management of canine babesiosis

Ayoob

Hackner

Prittie

2010

Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care

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“…B. equi is more widely distributed than B. caballi [19] and is generally more resistant to treatment than B. caballi. Efficacy of many babesicidal drugs against B. caballi is well documented as compared to B. equi infections [17,18]. So far none of the drug has been found to completely cure the animals from B. equi.…”

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confidence: 99%

<i>In-vivo</i> Therapeutic Efficacy Trial with Artemisinin Derivative, Buparvaquone and Imidocarb Dipropionate against <i>Babesia equi</i> Infection in Donkeys

Kumar

Gupta

Pal

et al. 2003

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The therapeutic efficacy of imidocarb, artesunate, arteether, buparvaquone and arteether+buparvaquone combination was evaluated against Babesia equi of Indian origin in splenectomised donkeys with experimentally induced acute infection. Efficacies of these drugs were tested by administering each drug or drug combination to groups of donkeys (having three donkeys each group). One gr oup of donkey was kept as untreated control for comparing the results. Parasitaemia, haematology (WBC, RBC, PCV, granulocytes and h aemoglobin), biochemical parameters (SAST, SALT, alkaline phosphatase, albumin/globulin ratio) were monitored at regular intervals. Individually, arteether and buparvaquone were found to have no parasite clearing efficacy and the treated animals died within 5-6 days after showing high parasitaemia and clinical symptoms of the disease. However, artesunate treated animals were able to restrict the parasite multiplication but only during the treatment period. Animals treated with imidocarb and arteether+buparvaquone combination were able to clear the parasite from the blood circulation after 2-5 days post-treatment (PT). After 55-58 days PT, recrudescence of B. equi parasite was observed in both these groups and a mean survival period of 66 days and 69 days, respectively, was recorded in these groups. Results of haemato-biochemical parameters had shown that imidocarb had deleterious effect on the liver function while on the other hand arteether+buparvaquone combination was found to be safe. This limited study indicates that arteether+buparvaquone combination c ould be a better choice than imidocarb for treating B. equi infection, but further trials are required in detail. KEY WORDS: artemisinin derivative, Babesia equi, buparvaquone, imidocarb dipropionate, treatment.

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Chemotherapy of babesiosis

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Infection with a Proposed New Subspecies ofBabesia canis,Babesia canissubsp.presentii, in Domestic Cats

Infection with a Proposed New Subspecies ofBabesia canis,Babesia canissubsp.presentii, in Domestic Cats

Clinical management of canine babesiosis

<i>In-vivo</i> Therapeutic Efficacy Trial with Artemisinin Derivative, Buparvaquone and Imidocarb Dipropionate against <i>Babesia equi</i> Infection in Donkeys

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