Chest imaging comparison between non-tuberculous and tuberculosis mycobacteria in sputum acid fast bacilli smear-positive patients

Hq, Chu; B, Li; Zhao, Li-Ru; Dd, Huang; Zhang, ZM; Xu, Jianjun; Jb, Zhang; T, Gui; Xu, Ling; Xw, Sun

doi:10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2674

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Pleural thickening and volume loss by fibrosis with traction bronchiectasis are frequent. Cavitation is the most typical radiologic feature in pulmonary TB; however, NTM lung disease tends to cause thin-walled cavities, often involving pleura without lymph node calcification, no atelectasis and usually progresses more slowly than pulmonary TB 14 15 . The nodular bronchiectatic form shows bilateral, multilobar bronchiectasis, especially in the middle and lower lung fields, with small nodules on chest radiography and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) ( Figure 2 ) 16 17 .…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Ntm Lung Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: Clinicians' Perspectives

2016

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Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are emerging pathogens that affect both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. The incidence and prevalence of NTM lung disease are increasing worldwide and rapidly becoming a major public health problem. For the diagnosis of NTM lung disease, patients suspected to have NTM lung disease are required to meet all clinical and microbiologic criteria. The development of molecular methods allows the characterization of new species and NTM identification at a subspecies level. Even after the identification of NTM species from respiratory specimens, clinicians should consider the clinical significance of such findings. Besides the limited options, treatment is lengthy and varies by species, and therefore a challenge. Treatment may be complicated by potential toxicity with discouraging outcomes. The decision to start treatment for NTM lung disease is not easy and requires careful individualized analysis of risks and benefits. Clinicians should be alert to those unique aspects of NTM lung disease concerning diagnosis with advanced molecular methods and treatment with limited options. Current recommendations and recent advances for diagnosis and treatment of NTM lung disease are summarized in this article.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Ntm Lung Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: Clinicians' Perspectives

2016

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“…In CT features; pleural effusion and nodules are significantly more common in patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) while bronchiectasis combined with cystic changes are significantly more common in patients with NTM lung infections [98]. Bronchiectasis in the right middle lobe or left lingual segment and thin-walled cavity with a diameter of more than 3 cm are the frequent chest CT features in patients with NTM-LD [99]. Furthermore, cavities associated with adjacent pleural thickening, ill-defined satellite tree-in-bud nodules or fewer noncavitary nodules in CT findings are highly suggestive of NTM disease rather than TB [58,100].…”

Section: Clinical and Radiographic Based Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the nodular bronchiectatic form: bilateral, multilobar bronchiectasis, especially in the middle and lower lung fields, with small nodules are the frequently observed chest CT features (Figure 3) [99,101].…”

Section: Clinical and Radiographic Based Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Non Tuberculosis Mycobacterial Lung Diseases

Diseases¹

2018

Mycobacterium - Research and Development

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Nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in nature and opportunistically infect different animals, including humans. Currently, NTM is emerging as an important cause of pulmonary infection among both immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons worldwide. The clinical relevance of pulmonary NTM varies among species while showing geographical heterogeneity in distribution as well as pathogenicity. The outcome of the respiratory NTM disease is a consequence of a complex interplay between microbial factors and host susceptibility. Furthermore, HIV infection, cystic fibrosis, cancer, underlying chronic lung disease and history of tuberculosis (TB) may be associated as risk factors for active nontuberculosis pulmonary diseases (NTMPD). The diagnosis of NTMPD requires the presence of symptoms, radiographic evidences, microscopic observations and definitive laboratory diagnostics. Lung infections resulted from a clinically significant NTM species should be treated with appropriate antimicrobial regimen. M. leprae and M. lepraemurium are uncultivable and require the intracellular milieu for survival and propagation [4]. The obligatory causative agents of the genus Mycobacterium, responsible for TB are classified into Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). It comprises M. tuberculosis, M.bovis, M. africanum, M. microti [5], M. canettii [6], M. caprae [7], M. pinnipedii [8], M. mungi [9], M. orygis [10] and M. suricattae [11] species. M. tuberculosis, M. africanum, M. canettii and M. orygis cause TB primarily in human [4, 10], whereas M. bovis [12], M. microti [13], M. caprae [7] M. pinnipedii [8], M. mungi [9] and M. suricattae [11] infect cattle, domestic animals, goats, seals, mongooses and meerkats, respectively, and animal tuberculosis can also be zoonotic [14, 15]. However, geographical variation of the MTC species distribution has been identified. As an example, M. africanum is a common cause of human pulmonary TB (39%) as much as M. tuberculosis (55%) in West Africa [16]. In Ghana, 3% of pulmonary TB cases are represented by M. bovis, while 20% are M. africanum and 73% are M. tuberculosis [17].Other medically important mycobacteria such as M. avium, M. intracellulare complex, M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae complex, M. abscessus and M. scrofulaceum are known as nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) species or atypical mycobacteria or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT). They are responsible for diseases including lymphadenitis in children, chronic pulmonary diseases, skin and soft-tissue diseases and infections of the skeletal system [18]. NTM are ubiquitous in nature and are widely distributed in water, soil and animals. Among prevailing NTM species, only a few species have a clinical impact on humans as opportunistic pathogens [19]. M. avium complex (MAC), M. abscessus, M. kansasii, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. szulgai, M. triviale and M. scrofulaceum are common NTM species that cause pulmonary diseases in human [20]. Additionally, M. riyadhense was recently proposed as a cau...

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“…Cavities with increased opacity are usually seen in the upper parts of the lung in the fibrocavitary form [94]. Thin-walled cavities without lymph node involvement and atelectasis are the common findings in this form [95]. The nodular bronchiectatic form often presents Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria with bilateral, small nodules and multilobar bronchiectasis in the lower and middle parts of the lung [96].…”

Section: Clinical Features and Causes Of Ntm Lung Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections: Negligent and Emerging Pathogens

Aung¹,

Beuerman²

2018

Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria

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Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a heterogeneous group of microorganisms other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex and Mycobacterium leprae. NTM infections have increased globally and are now considered an emerging infection as they are often encountered in developed countries. NTMs require extended treatment adding considerably to the economic burden. The increasing number of patients with immunocompromised disorders, increasing usage of immunosuppressive agents, general awareness of the NTM diseases due to the advancement in molecular diagnostic techniques and aging of the population increase the prevalence rate of NTM infections. However, several barriers such as the requirement of better diagnostic techniques, settled treatment guidelines, clinician awareness and knowledge of pathogenesis are limiting and NTM infections are often not treated promptly. Etiology and epidemiology of NTM infections [Mmycobacterium avium complex (slowly growing mycobacteria, SGM) and rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM)] are discussed in this chapter. Clinical features, diagnosis and currently available treatment guidelines for these infections in skin, eye and lung are summarized. Suggestions for future research directions are suggested particularly for the better understanding of host-pathogen crosstalk and new therapeutic strategies.

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Chest imaging comparison between non-tuberculous and tuberculosis mycobacteria in sputum acid fast bacilli smear-positive patients

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Diagnosis and Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: Clinicians' Perspectives

Diagnosis and Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease: Clinicians' Perspectives

Overview of Non Tuberculosis Mycobacterial Lung Diseases

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections: Negligent and Emerging Pathogens

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