Chest Lymph Node Anatomy

Foran, Ann T.; Harisinghani, Mukesh G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80899-0_2

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…The human body contains approximately 600-800 LNs, mostly clustered in certain body regions. 25,26 The superficial LN clusters are particularly suitable for ultrasound-guided ILIT. Typically, ILIT has 1, we observed is a tendency of more AEs in patients that received injections of poor quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to hit the allergy target: A critical appraisal of intralymphatic immunotherapy with practical recommendations on ultrasound‐guided injections

Flory,

Hviid‐Vyff,

Šošić

et al. 2024

Allergy

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BackgroundIntralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) represents a promising novel approach treating allergic diseases. However, no standardized procedures or recommendations have been established or reported, despite the recognized fact that treatment efficacy relies on the ability to inject the allergen intranodally.ObjectiveWe aim to provide a critical appraisal of ILIT as a method of allergen immunotherapy and to deliver practical recommendations for accurate ILIT.MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐three ILIT injections were performed in 28 (47%) women and 32 (53%) men with median age of 29 years (21–59). The injections were ultrasound‐guided and recorded for retrospective analysis with respect to injection location, needle visibility, medication release, and patient characteristics.ResultsThe results show that the correct positioning of the needle within the lymph node (LN) was most critical. If the whole length of the needle bevel was not inserted into the LN, substance backflush into the interstitium was observed. Selecting a more superficial LN and inserting the needle at a smaller angle towards the LN significantly improved needle visibility in the ultrasound. Longitudinal results showed that continuous practice significantly correlated with improved needle visibility and more accurate ILIT injections.ConclusionBased on our results and practical experience, we propose several recommendations for LN selection and the correct handling of ultrasound probe and needle. We are confident that ILIT standardization and training will be important as to meet the goals of good safety and efficacy of ILIT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%