Chestnut Blight in Portugal - Monitoring and Vc Types of Cryphonectria Parasitica

Bragança, Helena; Simões, S.; Santos, Niraldo de Oliveira; Marcelino, Jose A.P.; Rigling, Daniel; Tenreiro, Rogério

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2005.693.84

Cited by 6 publications

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“…All chestnut growing regions in Portugal were visited and a national collection of C. parasitica was established. Preliminary results showed that chestnut blight had already spread into most of the chestnut growing areas of Portugal with one vc type being dominant ( Bragança et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryphonectria parasitica in Portugal: diversity of vegetative compatibility types, mating types, and occurrence of hypovirulence

Bragança¹,

Simões²,

Onofre³

et al. 2007

Forest Pathology

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Summary Cryphonectria parasitica, the causal agent of chestnut blight, has been responsible for the decline in chestnut in Portugal for the last two decades. In order to improve understanding of C. parasitica diversity, a total of 617 isolates from all affected chestnut‐growing areas in continental Portugal, Madeira and the Azores archipelagos were studied. Nine vegetative compatibility (vc) types were identified among the isolates. EU‐11 was the most widespread vc type comprising 80.2% of the isolates, followed by EU‐12 (7.1%) and EU‐66 (6.6%). Two of the Portuguese vc types could not be assigned to a known European vc type. The diversity of vc types was low in the Portuguese populations of C. parasitica, but comparable with other areas where C. parasitica was introduced recently. The frequent occurrence of perithecia and both mating types of C. parasitica indicates that sexual reproduction of the chestnut blight fungus is common in Portugal. One C. parasitica isolate from Trás‐os‐Montes showed a white culture morphology and contained dsRNA, indicating the presence of hypovirulence in this area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryphonectria parasitica in Portugal: diversity of vegetative compatibility types, mating types, and occurrence of hypovirulence

Bragança¹,

Simões²,

Onofre³

et al. 2007

Forest Pathology

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“…To date, research aimed at the restoration of European chestnut has been largely focused on the control of C. parasitica, and in particular on the development of biological methods to this goal (Bragança et al 2005, Juhásová et al 2004, Myteberi et al 2013). According to Turchetti & Maresi (1999), the level of chestnut blight damage in Europe is decreasing as a consequence of the development of hypovirulent strains of a viral parasite that attacks the fungus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does management improve the state of chestnut (Castanea sativa L.) on Belasitsa Mountain, southwest Bulgaria?

Zlatanov¹,

Velichkov²,

Георгиева³

et al. 2015

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionFor many centuries European chestnut forests have been mostly managed as short rotation coppices and orchards for nut production (Bourgoise 1987, Lauteri et al. 2009). During the second half of the 20 th century chestnut cultivation substantially decreased because rural populations fell and the species became less important as a staple food. Chestnut trees also sustained substantial damage from chestnut blight caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr (Cutini 2001, Pividori et al. 2004 and from ink-disease caused by Phytopthora spp. Abandoned open-structured chestnut stands and coppices have both been partially replaced by climax communities associated with various Quercus or Fagus species (Paci 1992, Romane et al. 1995, Pridnya et al. 1996, Gallardo-Lancho 2001, Lushaj & Tabaku 2009, Pezzi et al. 2009).In recent years, biological control of chestnut blight and the natural spread of hypovirulence throughout most of Europe (Milgroom & Cortesi 2004) allowed chestnut to be again a viable species for wood production. The increasing demand for high-quality wood production has fostered a discussion about identifying appropriate management techniques to assure sustainable forest management for sawlog production (Heiniger & Rigling 1994, Amorini et al. 1997, Manetti et al. 2009). As a result, the production of high-value chestnut timber is now being enhanced in some parts of Europe where growing conditions are appropriate ). However, this was mainly achieved by extending the rotation of coppices up to 30 or 50 years rather than by management of chestnut in high forests originating from seed (Bourgoise 1987, Amorini et al. 2000. Currently, there are few experiments into how chestnut regenerates and grows under high-forest silvicultural methods, even though these methods are extensively used in most mixed deciduous forests in Europe (Cutini 2001). Hence, little is known of how the behavioral patterns of chestnut could be managed to secure its future survival in species-rich mixed forests under a high-forest system.After a period of abandonment in the first half of the 20 th century, interest in the management of chestnut stands on the Belasitsa Mountain (southwest Bulgaria) rose again in the 1990s, as a consequence of the spread of the chestnut blight disease. The first documented identification of C. parasitica on Belasitsa Mountain was in 1993 (Petkov & Rossnev 2000). Management response was confined to the implementation of sanitation cuttings through the harvesting of trees with heavily damaged crowns (degree of damage > 60%). The first sanitation cuttings in chestnut-dominated and co-dominated stands on the mountain were carried out in 1989. More than 2700 m 3 of chestnut wood were harvested up to 1992. From 1993, the magnitude of wood harvested in sanitation cuttings substantially increased. To 2006 more than 30 000 m 3 of chestnut wood were harvested. Since 2006, the intensity of sanitation cuttings abruptly decreased and they were replaced by c...

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“…Em Portugal, o Cancro do Castanheiro teve desenvolvimento epidémico a partir de 1989 quando foi detetado em Carrazedo de Montenegro e quase em simultâneo em Vinhais e Bragança. Atualmente está presente em todas as regiões de castanheiro do país caracterizando-se em termos de distribuição espacial pela existência de focos de forte incidência da doença, com elevado número de árvores doentes, e outros locais com menor extensão e severidade (Gouveia et al 2001, Bragança et al 2005. Não existindo substâncias químicas capazes de travar o desenvolvimento dos cancros, os meios de luta utilizados em Portugal baseiam-se na eliminação dos tecidos doentes com o objetivo de reduzir o inóculo do parasita.…”

Section: Dispersão E Incidência Atual Do Cancro Do Castanheiro Em Porunclassified

Cancro do Castanheiro em Trás-os-Montes (Portugal): Incidência atual e estudo da estrutura populacional de Cryphonectria parasitica para a introdução da luta biológica por hipovirulência

Gouveia¹,

Pereira²,

Araújo³

et al. 2016

Gaia Sci.

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O castanheiro europeu (Castanea sativa Mill.) é a árvore central de um sistema agroflorestal extensivo e multifuncional muito característico das montanhas do nordeste de Portugal. A introdução do fungo Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr que provoca no castanheiro cancros nos tecidos corticais é desde a sua introdução, em 1989, a principal causa de morte do castanheiro. Não existindo meios de luta eficazes a remoção dos cancros é utilizada para reduzir o inóculo do parasita. O método evidenciou pouca eficácia e a doença está presente em todas as regiões de castanheiro. A Hipovirulência, mediada pela presença do hipovírus CHV1, é um método muito eficaz para o tratamento dos cancros e recuperação dos castanheiros. Foi objetivo deste trabalho avaliar a estrutura da população de C. parasitica para introduzir a Hipovirulência. Em 3 freguesias, onde a doença está presente desde a sua introdução, foi estudada a estrutura populacional do fungo parasita. Numa malha geográfica de 500x500m, 70 pontos de amostragem e 1331 castanheiros foram estudados. A análise geoestatística revelou focos de grande intensidade da doença que variaram de 54,75 a 73,33%. Foram identificados 5 vc types. EU-11 é o grupo dominante com 85,55%, seguido do EU01 (5,34%), EU66 (4,58%) e EU12 (2,90%), considerados novas introduções do parasita. O idiomorfo MAT-1 e MAT-2 estão presentes nas populações estudadas, sendo o MAT-2 dominante. A proporção 1:1 identificada, num dos locais, sugere multiplicação sexuada do fungo. A ainda baixa diversidade vc type na população de C. parasitica aconselha a introdução da hipovirulência como meio de luta preferencial contra o Cancro do Castanheiro em Portugal.

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Chestnut Blight in Portugal - Monitoring and Vc Types of Cryphonectria Parasitica

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Cryphonectria parasitica in Portugal: diversity of vegetative compatibility types, mating types, and occurrence of hypovirulence

Cryphonectria parasitica in Portugal: diversity of vegetative compatibility types, mating types, and occurrence of hypovirulence

Does management improve the state of chestnut (Castanea sativa L.) on Belasitsa Mountain, southwest Bulgaria?

Cancro do Castanheiro em Trás-os-Montes (Portugal): Incidência atual e estudo da estrutura populacional de Cryphonectria parasitica para a introdução da luta biológica por hipovirulência

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