Chick Embryo: A Preclinical Model for Understanding Ischemia-Reperfusion Mechanism

Abstract

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-related disorders, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral vascular disease, are among the most frequent causes of disease and death. Tissue injury or death may result from the initial ischemic insult, primarily determined by the magnitude and duration of the interruption in blood supply and then by the subsequent reperfusion-induced damage. Various in vitro and in vivo models are currently available to study I/R mechanism in the brain and other tissues. However, thus far, no in ovo I/R model has been reported for understanding the I/R mechanisms and for faster drug screening. Here, we developed an in ovo Hook model of I/R by occluding and releasing the right vitelline artery of a chick embryo at 72 h of development. To validate the model and elucidate various underlying survival and death mechanisms, we employed imaging (Doppler blood flow imaging), biochemical, and blotting techniques and evaluated the cell death mechanism: autophagy and inflammation caused by I/R. In conclusion, the present model is useful in parallel with established in vitro and in vivo I/R models to understand the mechanisms of I/R development and its treatment.

Pharmacological Inhibition of the Nod-Like Receptor Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome with MCC950

“…In vitro, thrombin-induced BV2 cells (murine microglial cell line) have been used to show that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/thioredoxin-interacting protein pathway mediates the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis, and pre-treatment with MCC950 reduces the apoptotic index (Ye et al, 2017b). An in vivo IRI model validated with MCC950 has been reported to have utility in the understanding of IRI mechanisms and for drug screening (Fauzia et al, 2018). In two different therapeutic in vivo models of ICH (injection of autologous blood or collagenase), MCC950 attenuated brain injury and improved long-term outcomes (Ren et al, 2018).…”

The m6A methylation regulates gonadal sex differentiation in chicken embryo

“…The chicken embryo is a superior model in the study of cell biology and organ development [ 6 , 69 – 74 ]. In the past few decades, the regulatory mechanisms for chicken sex determination and differentiation, such as transcription factors [ 12 , 16 , 20 ], DNA methylation [ 24 , 25 , 28 – 30 ] and hormones [ 9 , 10 , 18 , 20 , 23 , 27 ], have been extensively studied.…”

Evaluation of the ameliorative effects of Phyllanthus niruri on the deleterious insecticide imidacloprid in the vital organs of chicken embryos

“…Chicken embryos are considered as a model biological platform for human to understand the cancer biology, ischemia-reperfusion, engraftment of human leukemic stem cells, gastroschisis, consequences of environmental exposure, toxicopathological studies and as a model of non-clinical safety studies of pharmaceuticals [26] , [27] , [28] . The chicken embryo system presents an inexpensive, nutritionally self-sufficient and high throughput model that mimics human organ system and architecture [29] .…”