Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST I and II)

Davies, Wendy J.; Freeman, Stuart J.

doi:10.1385/0-89603-282-5:307

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Efforts have been made to develop chick models to investigate developmental toxicity. The Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST) is used for teratogenic screening tests to complement rodent studies [Collins, 1987;Davies and Freeman, 1995;Kotwani, 1998]. Sensitivity of the model to drugs is comparable to that of mammalian models for human reproductive and developmental toxicity studies [Peterka et al, 1992;Jelinek and Marhan, 1994].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of chick embryotoxicity after 20 kHz, 1.1 mT magnetic field exposure

Nishimura

Imai

Negishi

2009

Bioelectromagnetics

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This investigation was undertaken because biological studies to evaluate the effects of intermediate frequency magnetic fields are insufficient. White Leghorn fertile eggs (60/group) were either exposed to a 20 kHz, 1.1 mT(rms) sinusoidal magnetic field or sham-exposed during the first 2, 7, or 11 days of embryogenesis. Lower dose exposures at 0.011 and 0.11 mT(rms) for 2 days were also conducted to elucidate possible dose-response relationships. Additional eggs given all-trans-retinoic acid, a teratogen, were exposed to the 1.1 mT(rms) magnetic field for the same periods to investigate the modification of embryotoxicity. After exposure, embryos were examined for mortality and developmental abnormalities. Developmental stage, number of somite pairs, and other developmental endpoints were also evaluated. Experiments were triplicated and conducted in a blind fashion. No exposure-related changes were found in any of the endpoints in intact embryos exposed to 1.1 mT(rms) or to the lower doses of 0.11 and 0.011 mT(rms) magnetic fields. Retinoic acid administration produced embryotoxic responses, which were embryonic death and developmental abnormalities, in 40-60% of embryos in the sham-exposed groups. The magnitude of these responses was not changed significantly by the magnetic field exposures. Under the present experimental conditions, exposure to 20 kHz magnetic field up to 1.1 mT(rms) was not embryotoxic in the chick and did not potentiate the embryotoxic action of retinoic acid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of chick embryotoxicity after 20 kHz, 1.1 mT magnetic field exposure

Nishimura

Imai

Negishi

2009

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…This suggests that, if a study focuses on anomalies in exposed embryos, early examination is suitable; however, for determining the overall embryotoxicity, evaluation up to the end of embryogenesis is needed. An established chick embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST) uses 3‐ and 8‐day‐old embryos for such evaluations (Davies and Freeman ). Preferably, interim, multiple time‐points in the course of embryogenesis should be included for the evaluation of teratogenicity and/or embryotoxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, researchers have justified adopting chick embryo models in determining the potential risks of MF to cause congenital anomalies in humans. The chick embryo model has also been used for teratogenic screening of chemicals (Collins 1987;Davies and Freeman 1995;Kotwani 1998) to complement mammalian models. The chick model has been reported to have comparable sensitivity to the models for human reproductive and developmental toxicity studies (Peterka et al 1992;Jelínek and Marhan 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermediate frequency magnetic field and chick embryotoxicity

Nishimura

Tanaka

Negishi

2013

Congenital Anomalies

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Intermediate frequency magnetic fields (MFs) have widely been used in industrial machines and home appliances, such as induction heating cookers, although toxicity studies to evaluate the potential health risks of such fields are insufficient. In induction heating cookers, the MF source (i.e. hobs), is located near the abdominal position of a person cooking. Hence, developmental effects on the fetus may be a concern in case the person is a pregnant woman. Fertile White Leghorn eggs (60/group) were either exposed to 20 kHz, 1.1 mT(rms) or 60 kHz, 0.11 mT(rms) sinusoidal MFs for 19 days during embryogenesis. The same number of eggs served as a control group. In addition, a sham-sham experiment was conducted to validate the equality between exposure and control facilities. After exposure, embryos were examined for mortality rate and stage. Live embryos were evaluated for developmental stage and gross and skeletal anomalies. Length of upper beak and leg digits was also measured. Examinations were conducted in a blinded fashion to ensure quality assurance; experiments were triplicated for each frequency to confirm the outcome reproducibility. Mortality rate and stage, incidence of malformed embryos, and developmental variables in live embryos were found to be similar between the MF-exposed and corresponding control group. Incidence of gross anomalies such as mandibular edema and skeletal anomalies such as coccyx defects were low across the experiments, and no significant group differences were noted. In conclusion, exposure to 20 kHz or 60 kHz MF did not produce any significant teratogenic developmental effects in chick embryos.

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“…The proportion of affected embryos is plotted against the concentration of test compound, and the embryo-stage of administration. The proportion of effects on particular organs in surviving embryos is considered separately to establish a profile of effects for each compound [36]. The screening test has been used to determine the toxicity of many substances, establishing parameters of dose-response and stage-response [37].…”

Section: Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Snake Venom (Bitis arietans) on Embryonic Development

Peters¹,

Petrílla²,

Luptáková³

et al. 2021

Medical Toxicology

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Venomous snake bites in pregnant women can lead to poor survival rates in both the foetus and mother; early bites can precipitate teratogenesis, miscarriages, preterm delivery, foetal death and antepartum haemorrhage. The chicken embryo poses as a valuable research model for venom research due to its advantages such as ease of availability, economic feasibility and its non-invasiveness. This study evaluates the embryotoxic effects of Puff adder venom (Bitis arietans) from Namibia, Kenya, South Africa and non-specified region of Africa at varying concentrations. The venoms were applied to chicken embryos on the fourth day of incubation and assessed on a ninth day, focusing on body weight, heart weight, liver weight and mortality rate. Nile blue staining was also performed to observe the occurrence of apoptosis amongst the venoms at the strongest concentrations. The information provided from our results suggested that there was a regional variation in venom toxicity, with the Kenyan venom producing the largest weight changes, whereas the non-specified African venom proved the most lethal across the concentrations. Further studies to assess venom protein concentrations in comparison with regional diet disparities are required.

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Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test (CHEST I and II)

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Lack of chick embryotoxicity after 20 kHz, 1.1 mT magnetic field exposure

Lack of chick embryotoxicity after 20 kHz, 1.1 mT magnetic field exposure

Intermediate frequency magnetic field and chick embryotoxicity

The Effects of Snake Venom (Bitis arietans) on Embryonic Development

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