Chickens and Cattle as Sources of Sporadic Domestically Acquired
            <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>
            Infections in Finland

Hakkinen, Marjaana; Nakari, Ulla-Maija; Siitonen, Anja

doi:10.1128/aem.00374-09

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In several studies, poultry has been identified as an important risk factor for Campylobacter infection in humans (3,8,10,15,16). In the present study, the prevalence of these bacteria in poultry carcasses (62.1%) was similar to that described recently in Belgium (51.9%) in broilers at slaughter (15).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…From 50 to 80% of human campylobacter iosis cases have been attributed to the chicken (broiler) reservoir, and the foodbome outbreak data reported from 2010 indicated that 17 (63.0%) of 27 verified infections were linked to contaminated poultry meat (8,10). Other epidemiological evidence also indicates the major role of zoonotic transmission of Campylobacter from poultry to humans (4,16,25).…”

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confidence: 96%

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry Carcasses in Poland

Wieczorek

Kania

Osek

2013

Journal of Food Protection

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The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in Poland. For the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. A total of 498 Campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. Strains were identified to species with the PCR method; 53.6% of the strains were Campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were Campylobacter coli. A high percentage of the tested Campylobacter strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid (74.1 and 73.5%, respectively) followed by tetracycline (47.4%) and streptomycin (20.5%). Only one C. jejuni and two C. coli isolates were resistant to gentamicin. Seventy-nine (15.9%) of the 498 strains were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics examined. Higher levels of resistance, irrespective of the antimicrobial agent tested, were found within the C. coli group. Almost all strains resistant to quinolones (99.5%) and to tetracycline (99.6%) carried the Thr-86-to-Ile mutation in the gyrA gene and possessed the tet(O) marker, respectively. All isolates resistant to erythromycin had the A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene. These results reveal that poultry carcasses in Poland are a reservoir of potentially pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter strains for humans, which may pose a public health risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 96%

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry Carcasses in Poland

Wieczorek

Kania

Osek

2013

Journal of Food Protection

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“…Since the optimum growth temperature of thermophilic Campylobacter species is near 42°C, the higher metabolic temperatures found in poultry species may predispose poultry to be a prominent reservoir for thermophilic campylobacters. Although chickens can be considered as the most important single source of C. jejuni in sporadic, domestically acquired infections, the contribution of cattle appeared notable (Hakkinen et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular typing and cdt genes prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from various sources

Fındık

Ica

Onuk

et al. 2010

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The genetic diversity of 168 Campylobacter jejuni isolates originating from human (n=30), cattle (n=36), sheep (n=44), dog (n=35), and poultry (n=21) and cdt genes prevalence of the isolates were investigated. To determine the genetic diversity of these strains, random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a random primer (M13) was performed. The numbers of genotypes determined in human, cattle, sheep, dog, and poultry isolates were 19, 18, 17, 18, and 6, respectively. To find out the prevalence of cdt genes in C. jejuni isolates simultaneously, a multiplex PCR was performed. The prevalence of the separate cdt genes was found to vary from 69% to 100% for cdtA, 92% to 100% for cdtB, and 39% to 98% for cdtC. These rates without host discriminating were 95%, 98%, and 93% for cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC, respectively. The prevalence of all three cdt genes in strains originating from human, cattle, sheep, dog, and poultry were 87%, 67%, 84%, 89%, and 39%, respectively. These results showed the relatively high genetic heterogeneity and variation of cdt genes among C. jejuni isolates from various sources except for poultry isolates. This study gives baseline data on molecular characterization of C. jejuni strains from different sources.

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“…However, C . jejuni has been isolated from a variety of animals, such as poultry and cattle, as well as other ex vivo niches [2,3], which highlight the remarkable capability of this bacterium for persistence in different environments as well as its adaptation potential. Despite lacking classical stress response mechanisms [4], C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory proteins contribute differentially to Campylobacter jejuni’s survival and in vitro interaction with hosts’ intestinal cells

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe genetic features that facilitate Campylobacter jejuni’s adaptation to a wide range of environments are not completely defined. However, whole genome expression studies showed that respiratory proteins (RPs) were differentially expressed under varying conditions and stresses, suggesting further unidentified roles for RPs in C. jejuni’s adaptation. Therefore, our objectives were to characterize the contributions of selected RPs to C. jejuni’s i- key survival phenotypes under different temperature (37°C vs. 42°C) and oxygen (microaerobic, ambient, and oxygen-limited/anaerobic) conditions and ii- its interactions with intestinal epithelial cells from disparate hosts (human vs. chickens).ResultsC. jejuni mutant strains with individual deletions that targeted five RPs; nitrate reductase (ΔnapA), nitrite reductase (ΔnrfA), formate dehydrogenase (ΔfdhA), hydrogenase (ΔhydB), and methylmenaquinol:fumarate reductase (ΔmfrA) were used in this study. We show that only the ΔfdhA exhibited a decrease in motility; however, incubation at 42°C significantly reduced the deficiency in the ΔfdhA’s motility as compared to 37°C. Under all tested conditions, the ΔmfrA showed a decreased susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), while the ΔnapA and the ΔfdhA showed significantly increased susceptibility to the oxidant as compared to the wildtype. Further, the susceptibility of the ΔnapA to H2O2 was significantly more pronounced at 37°C. The biofilm formation capability of individual RP mutants varied as compared to the wildtype. However, the impact of the deletion of certain RPs affected biofilm formation in a manner that was dependent on temperature and/or oxygen concentration. For example, the ΔmfrA displayed significantly deficient and increased biofilm formation under microaerobic conditions at 37°C and 42°C, respectively. However, under anaerobic conditions, the ΔmfrA was only significantly impaired in biofilm formation at 42°C. Additionally, the RPs mutants showed differential ability for infecting and surviving in human intestinal cell lines (INT-407) and primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells, respectively. Notably, the ΔfdhA and the ΔhydB were deficient in interacting with both cell types, while the ΔmfrA displayed impairments only in adherence to and invasion of INT-407. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the ΔhydB and the ΔfdhA exhibited filamentous and bulging (almost spherical) cell shapes, respectively, which might be indicative of defects in cell division.ConclusionsWe conclude that the RPs contribute to C. jejuni’s motility, H2O2 resistance, biofilm formation, and in vitro interactions with hosts’ intestinal cells. Further, the impact of certain RPs varied in response to incubation temperature and/or oxygen concentration. Therefore, RPs may facilitate the prevalence of C. jejuni in a variety of niches, contributing to the pathogen’s remarkable potential for adaptation.

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Chickens and Cattle as Sources of Sporadic Domestically Acquired Campylobacter jejuni Infections in Finland

Cited by 17 publications

References 42 publications

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry Carcasses in Poland

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry Carcasses in Poland

Molecular typing and cdt genes prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from various sources

Respiratory proteins contribute differentially to Campylobacter jejuni’s survival and in vitro interaction with hosts’ intestinal cells

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