Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Lectin Exhibit Inhibition of ACE-I, α-amylase and α-glucosidase Activity

Abstract

Background: Diabetes and hypertension are the major health concern and alleged to be of epidemic proportions. This has made it a numero uno subject at various levels of investigation. Glucosidase inhibitor provides the reasonable option in treatment of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) as it specifically targets post prandial hyperglycemia. The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) plays an important role in hypertension. Therefore, inhibition of ACE in treatment of elevated blood pressure attracts special interest of the scientific community. Chickpea is a food legume and seeds contain carbohydrate binding protein- a lectin. Some of the biological properties of this lectin hitherto been elucidated. Methods: Purified by ion exchange chromatography, chickpea lectin was tested for its in vitro antioxidant, ACE-I inhibitory and anti-diabetic characteristic. Results: Lectin shows a characteristic improvement over the synthetic drugs like acarbose (oral anti-diabetic drug) and captopril (standard antihypertensive drug) when, their IC50 values are compared. Lectin significantly inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase in a concentration dependent manner with IC50 values of 85.41 ± 1.21 ҝg/ml and 65.05 ± 1.2 µg/ml compared to acarbose having IC50 70.20 ± 0.47 value of µg/ml and 50.52 ± 1.01 µg/ml respectively. β-Carotene bleaching assay showed antioxidant activity of lectin (72.3%) to be as active as Butylated Hydroxylanisole (BHA). In addition, lectin demonstrated inhibition against ACE-I with IC50 value of 57.43 ± 1.20 µg/ml compared to captopril. Conclusion: Lectin demonstrated its antioxidant character, ACE-I inhibition and significantly inhibitory for α-glucosidase and α-amylase seems to qualify as an anti-hyperglycemic therapeutic molecule. The biological effects of chickpea lectin display potential for reducing the parameters of medically debilitating conditions. These characteristics however needs to be established under in vivo systems too viz. animals through to humans.

In vitro anti-diabetic activity of Tribulus terrestrisL. fruits extracts

“…Inhibitory action of all extracts increases with increased concentration. Similar dose-dependent increasing results were obtained on the plants like Salacia oblonga stem extract (Chelladurai and Chinnachamy, 2018), Lectin Purified from Chickpea (Bhagyawant et al, 2019) and phytochemicals derived from soya bean husk (Tan et al, 2019). As shown in Figure 3, hexane extract demonstrated the highest percentage inhibition activity against a-glucosidase (IC 50 = 27.28 m g/ml, p = 0.003), then acetone and ethanol extracts (IC 50 = 60.58 m g/ml, IC 50 = 84.21 m g/ml, respectively).…”

Effect of Mineral and Organic Fertilization on desi and kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): Plant Growth and Production, Hydration Properties, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity

“…Dietary habits are known to be closely linked to the onset of lifestyle-related pathologies. In this regard, the consumption of chickpeas leads to several health benefits, such as blood pressure regulation [ 9 ], decrease of postprandial glucose [ 10 ], and, in turn, prevention of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome [ 11 ]. Chickpeas, indeed, have a good nutritional value, providing proteins, unsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Modification of In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity by Consumption of Cooked Chickpea in a Colon Cancer Model

“…Due to the phytochemical compounds found in chickpea seeds, these have been used in studies focused on the prevention and control of different chronic non-transmissible diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, inflammation, and cancer [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. These diseases are directly related to oxidative stress (OS) [ 11 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”