Chikungunya: a decade of burden in the Americas

de Souza, William M.; Ribeiro, Guilherme S.; de Lima, Shirlene T.S.; de Jesus, Ronaldo; Moreira, Filipe R.R.; Whittaker, Charles; Sallum, Maria Anice M.; Carrington, Christine V.F.; Sabino, Ester C.; Kitron, Uriel; Faria, Nuno R.; Weaver, Scott C.

doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100673

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…In 2013, the virus was introduced in the Americas and has caused more than 3.5 million cases ever since. More specifically, in Brazil, annual epidemics have been reported since then [ 6 ]. The co-circulation of different arboviruses hinders clinical-epidemiological diagnosis due to the non-specificity of most symptoms, which makes laboratory diagnosis important for correct patient management and epidemiological surveillance [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral and Virucidal Activities of Uncaria tomentosa (Cat’s Claw) against the Chikungunya Virus

de Lima,

Valente,

Familiar Macedo

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Uncaria tomentosa (UT) is a medicinal plant popularly known as cat’s claw belonging to the Rubiaceae family that has been reported to display antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreaks constitute a Brazilian public health concern. CHIKV infection develops an abrupt onset of fever, usually accompanied by a skin rash, besides incapacitating polyarthralgia. There is no vaccine available or treatment for CHIKV infection. The present study evaluates the hydroalcoholic extract of UT bark as a potential antiviral against CHIKV. The in vitro antiviral activity of the UT extract against the Brazilian CHIKV strain was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and plaque assay. Results obtained demonstrated that UT inhibits CHIKV infection in a dose-dependent manner. At the non-cytotoxic concentration of 100 µg/mL, UT exhibited antiviral activity above 90% as determined by plaque reduction assay, and it reduced the viral cytopathic effect. Similarly, a significant virucidal effect of 100 µg/mL UT was observed after 24 and 48 h post-infection. This is the first report on the antiviral activity of UT against CHIKV infection, and the data presented here suggests UT as a potential antiviral to treat CHIKV infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral and Virucidal Activities of Uncaria tomentosa (Cat’s Claw) against the Chikungunya Virus

de Lima,

Valente,

Familiar Macedo

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…The autochthonous transmission of CHIKV in the Americas was first identified in the Caribbean region in 2013 [ 5 ]. Since then, CHIKV has spread across the American continents, causing multiple outbreaks and becoming a public health challenge in these regions of the world [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Brazil, where the first cases of chikungunya were detected in 2014, has been the most affected country in the Americas, with more than 1.6 million cases reported [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, CHIKV has spread across the American continents, causing multiple outbreaks and becoming a public health challenge in these regions of the world [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Brazil, where the first cases of chikungunya were detected in 2014, has been the most affected country in the Americas, with more than 1.6 million cases reported [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis?

Jacob-Nascimento,

Portilho,

Anjos

et al. 2024

Viruses

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To evaluate whether oral fluids (OF) and urine can serve as alternative, non-invasive samples to diagnose chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection via RT-qPCR, we employed the same RNA extraction and RT-qPCR protocols on paired serum, OF and urine samples collected from 51 patients with chikungunya during the acute phase of the illness. Chikungunya patients were confirmed through RT-qPCR in acute-phase sera (N = 19), IgM seroconversion between acute- and convalescent-phase sera (N = 12), or IgM detection in acute-phase sera (N = 20). The controls included paired serum, OF and urine samples from patients with non-arbovirus acute febrile illness (N = 28) and RT-PCR-confirmed dengue (N = 16). Nine (47%) of the patients with positive RT-qPCR for CHIKV in sera and two (17%) of those with CHIKV infection confirmed solely via IgM seroconversion had OF positive for CHIKV in RT-qPCR. One (5%) patient with CHIKV infection confirmed via serum RT-qPCR was positive in the RT-qPCR performed on urine. None of the negative control group samples were positive. Although OF may serve as an alternative sample for diagnosing acute chikungunya in specific settings, a negative result cannot rule out an infection. Further research is needed to investigate whether OF and urine collected later in the disease course when serum becomes RT-qPCR-negative may be helpful in CHIKV diagnosis and surveillance, as well as to determine whether urine and OF pose any risk of CHIKV transmission.

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“…Since 2017, an average of 166,000 cases have been reported annually in the Americas. Notably, in 2023 these cases amounted to 239,962 and 151,700 have already accumulated so far in 2024 [6, 7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New highly selective antivirals for Chikungunya Virus identified from the screening of a drug-like compound library

Castro,

Álvarez

2024

Preprint

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Chikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Treatment of CHIKV infections is currently supportive and does not limit viral replication or symptoms of persistent chronic arthritis. Although there are multiple compounds reported as antivirals active against CHIKV in vitro, there are still no effective and safe antivirals. Thus, active research aims at the identification of new chemical structures with antiviral activity. Here, we report the screen of the Pandemic Response Box library of small molecules against a fully infectious CHIKV reporter virus. Our screening approach successfully identified previously reported CHIKV antiviral compounds within this library and further expanded potentially active hits, supporting the use of reporter-virus-based assays in high-throughput screening format as a reliable tool for antiviral drug discovery. Four molecules were identified as potential drug candidates against CHIKV: MMV1634402 (Brilacidin) and MMV102270 (Diphyllin), which were previously shown to present broad-spectrum antiviral activities, in addition to MMV1578574 (Eravacycline), and the antifungal MMV689401 (Fluopicolide), for which their antiviral potential is uncovered here.

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Chikungunya: a decade of burden in the Americas

Cited by 15 publications

References 46 publications

Antiviral and Virucidal Activities of Uncaria tomentosa (Cat’s Claw) against the Chikungunya Virus

Antiviral and Virucidal Activities of Uncaria tomentosa (Cat’s Claw) against the Chikungunya Virus

Detection of Chikungunya Virus RNA in Oral Fluid and Urine: An Alternative Approach to Diagnosis?

New highly selective antivirals for Chikungunya Virus identified from the screening of a drug-like compound library

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