Chikungunya: an emerging and spreading arthropod-borne viral disease.

Cavrini, Francesca; Gaibani, Paolo; Pierro, Anna; Rossini, Giada; Landini, Maria Paola; Sambri, Vittorio

doi:10.3855/jidc.169

Cited by 78 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The control of the virus during infection is achieved through acquired immune responses; however, the persistence of the virus in joint tissue is associated with its pro-arthritogenic potential, likely inducing the production of proinflammatory factors [12]. Despite these studies, the mechanisms influencing immunopathogenesis of CHIKV infection remains unclear [13, 14]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Chikungunya virus strain isolated from banked patients’ sera

Chalaem

Chusri

Fernandez

et al. 2016

Virol J

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BackgroundChikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a prevalent mosquito-borne pathogen that is emerging in many parts of the globe causing significant human morbidity. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of an infectious CHIKV from banked serum specimens of suspected patients from the 2009 epidemic in Thailand.MethodsStandard plaque assay was used for CHIKV isolation from the banked serum specimens. Isolated CHIKV was identified base on E1 structural gene sequence. Growth kinetic, infectivity, cell viability and cytokine gene expression throughout CHIKV infection in a permissive cell line, 293T cells, was performed using several approaches, including standard plaque assay, immunofluorescence assay, classical MTT assay, and quantitative real-time PCR. Two tailed Student’s t test was used for evaluation statistically significance between the mean values of the groups.ResultsBased on the E1 structural gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, we identified the virus as the CHIK/SBY8/10 isolate from Indonesia. Assessment of the growth kinetics, cytopathic effects as well as its ability to induce cellular immune responses suggested that the currently isolated CHIK/SBY8/10 virus is relatively more virulent than a known CHIKV vaccine strain, which also induces more dramatic proinflammatory responses.ConclusionsOur studies further add to the infectivity of a less-studied yet infectious CHIKV isolate as well as underscored the importance and utility of 293T cells as an excellent cell culture model for studying viral growth, CHIKV-induced inflammatory cellular responses and cell death. Together, these studies provide novel information on the CHIKV biology, infectivity and virus-cell interaction, which would help develop novel interventions against the infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Chikungunya virus strain isolated from banked patients’ sera

Chalaem

Chusri

Fernandez

et al. 2016

Virol J

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“…An effective vaccine is available against yellow fever, but it can potentially spread to Asia through increased global transport. Chikungunya, caused by an alphavirus, is endemic in Southeast Asia and has produced recent epidemics in Africa and South Asia [1], [2], [12]. Additional arboviral diseases with animal reservoirs are emerging as serious threats to human health [1], [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Larval Development of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Peri-Urban Brackish Water and Its Implications for Transmission of Arboviral Diseases

et al. 2011

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Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus Skuse mosquitoes transmit serious human arboviral diseases including yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Females of the two species have adapted to undergo preimaginal development in natural or artificial collections of freshwater near human habitations and feed on human blood. While there is an effective vaccine against yellow fever, the control of dengue and chikungunya is mainly dependent on reducing freshwater preimaginal development habitats of the two vectors. We show here that Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus lay eggs and their larvae survive to emerge as adults in brackish water (water with <0.5 ppt or parts per thousand, 0.5–30 ppt and >30 ppt salt are termed fresh, brackish and saline respectively). Brackish water with salinity of 2 to 15 ppt in discarded plastic and glass containers, abandoned fishing boats and unused wells in coastal peri-urban environment were found to contain Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus larvae. Relatively high incidence of dengue in Jaffna city, Sri Lanka was observed in the vicinity of brackish water habitats containing Ae. aegypti larvae. These observations raise the possibility that brackish water-adapted Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus may play a hitherto unrecognized role in transmitting dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever in coastal urban areas. National and international health authorities therefore need to take the findings into consideration and extend their vector control efforts, which are presently focused on urban freshwater habitats, to include brackish water larval development habitats.

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“…This test showed an extremely high differentiation capacity on different cell derived WNV isolates at the level of 2–4 genome copies [48]. WNV overlaps geographically with several other arboviruses including flaviviruses, alphaviruses and some bunyaviruses and as the number of recognised emerging viruses increases in both tropical and sub‑tropical regions [49,50,51,52], new multiplex RT-PCR assays have been developed to facilitate simultaneous identification, for example, of chikungunya virus, DENV [53], JEV and WNV in patient samples [54]. As these techniques improve the early detection of multiple arboviruses is becoming a practical reality with the potential for rapid and cost-effective differential diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance.…”

Section: Virus Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of West Nile Virus Human Infections: Overview and Proposal of Diagnostic Protocols Considering the Results of External Quality Assessment Studies

Sambri

Capobianchi²,

Cavrini

et al. 2013

Viruses

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West Nile virus, genus Flavivirus, is transmitted between birds and occasionally other animals by ornithophilic mosquitoes. This virus also infects humans causing asymptomatic infections in about 85% of cases and <1% of clinical cases progress to severe neuroinvasive disease. The virus also presents a threat since most infections remain unapparent. However, the virus contained in blood and organs from asymptomatically infected donors can be transmitted to recipients of these infectious tissues. This paper reviews the presently available methods to achieve the laboratory diagnosis of West Nile virus infections in humans, discussing the most prominent advantages and disadvantages of each in light of the results obtained during four different External Quality Assessment studies carried out by the European Network for ‘Imported’ Viral Diseases (ENIVD).

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Chikungunya: an emerging and spreading arthropod-borne viral disease.

Cited by 78 publications

References 51 publications

Characterization of a Chikungunya virus strain isolated from banked patients’ sera

Characterization of a Chikungunya virus strain isolated from banked patients’ sera

Larval Development of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Peri-Urban Brackish Water and Its Implications for Transmission of Arboviral Diseases

Diagnosis of West Nile Virus Human Infections: Overview and Proposal of Diagnostic Protocols Considering the Results of External Quality Assessment Studies

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