Chikungunya virus in the entebbe area of Uganda: Isolations and epidemiology

McCrae, A. W. R.; Henderson, Brian E.; Kirya, B.G.; Sempala, S. D. K.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(71)90212-4

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This transmission pattern was proposed to explain five cases of human CHIKV infection in Uganda during a 3-month period in 1968 when multiple CHIKV isolations were made from Aedes africanus and non-human primates. 5 Sylvatic transmission with spill over to humans may be less likely in our setting, since we observed 55 human CHIKV infections over a 10-month period. It is also possible that CHIKV is transmitted locally by Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Aedes albopictus are the primary vectors in Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) epidemics in subSaharan Africa, [1][2][3] but the viruses are also maintained in some parts of Africa in sylvatic cycles involving primates and forest dwelling Aedes species. 1,[4][5][6] The epidemiology of CHIKV infection in sub-Saharan Africa is poorly understood. CHIKV was first isolated and described during an epidemic in present-day Tanzania in 1952.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chikungunya and Dengue Fever among Hospitalized Febrile Patients in Northern Tanzania

Hertz

Munishi²,

Ooi³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

122

129

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Abstract. Consecutive febrile admissions were enrolled at two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania. Confirmed acute Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Dengue virus (DENV), and flavivirus infection were defined as a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result. Presumptive acute DENV infection was defined as a positive anti-DENV immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA) result, and prior flavivirus exposure was defined as a positive anti-DENV IgG ELISA result. Among 870 participants, PCR testing was performed on 700 (80.5%). Of these, 55 (7.9%) had confirmed acute CHIKV infection, whereas no participants had confirmed acute DENV or flavivirus infection. Anti-DENV IgM serologic testing was performed for 747 (85.9%) participants, and of these 71 (9.5%) had presumptive acute DENV infection. Anti-DENV IgG serologic testing was performed for 751 (86.3%) participants, and of these 80 (10.7%) had prior flavivirus exposure. CHIKV infection was more common among infants and children than adults and adolescents (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, P = 0.026) and among HIV-infected patients with severe immunosuppression (OR 10.5, P = 0.007). CHIKV infection is an important but unrecognized cause of febrile illness in northern Tanzania. DENV or other closely related flaviviruses are likely also circulating.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chikungunya and Dengue Fever among Hospitalized Febrile Patients in Northern Tanzania

Hertz

Munishi²,

Ooi³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

122

129

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“…4,5 Over the past 50 years, CHIKV has expanded its geographic range into eastern Africa and central and southeastern Asia, where it has been associated with an increasing frequency and intensity of outbreaks. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Sequence analysis of the E1 gene of CHIKV isolates has indicated the presence of three distinct CHIKV clades including Asian, West African, and East/Central/South African genotypes (ECSA). [17][18][19][20][21] In West Africa, CHIKV is transmitted mainly among several Aedes spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Pathogenesis of Epidemic and Enzootic Chikungunya Viruses in a Pregnant Rhesus Macaque Model

Chen¹,

Clark²,

Pesavento³

et al. 2010

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Since 2004, an East African genotype of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has emerged, causing significant epidemics of an arthralgic syndrome. In addition, this virus has been associated for the first time with neonatal transmission and neurological complications. In the current study, pregnant Rhesus macaques were inoculated with an enzootic or epidemic strain of CHIKV to compare pathogenesis and transplacental transmission potential. Viremias were similar for both strains and peaked at 2-3 days post-inoculation (dpi). Viral RNA was detected at necropsy at 21 dpi in maternal lymphoid, joint-associated, and spinal cord tissues. The absence of detectable viral RNA and the lack of germinal center development in fetuses indicated that transplacental transmission did not occur. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in all dams and fetuses. Our study establishes a non-human primate model for evaluating vaccines and antiviral therapies and indicates that Rhesus macaques could serve as a competent enzootic reservoir.

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“…Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was first isolated in 1952 from humans, and Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens mosquitoes during an epidemic of a non-fatal dengue-like illness on and near the Makonde plateau in south-eastern Tanzania (McCrae et al 1971). This Alphavirus (Family Togaviridae), is considered to be transmitted principally by various members of the mosquito genus Aedes (Diallo et al 1999) in a cycle between mosquitoes and various wildlife species.…”

Section: Chikungunya Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently it has been primarily restricted to countries surrounding or near the Indian Ocean, (McCrae et al 1971). Beginning in 2004 in East Africa, and continuing across many islands in the Indian Ocean and the Indian subcontinent in 2005-2006 an epidemic thought to affect more than 1.5 million people has occurred (Sourisseau et al 2007).…”

Section: Chikungunya Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Viral Diseases

Pekosz

Glass

2015

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Chikungunya virus in the entebbe area of Uganda: Isolations and epidemiology

Cited by 62 publications

References 24 publications

Chikungunya and Dengue Fever among Hospitalized Febrile Patients in Northern Tanzania

Chikungunya and Dengue Fever among Hospitalized Febrile Patients in Northern Tanzania

Comparative Pathogenesis of Epidemic and Enzootic Chikungunya Viruses in a Pregnant Rhesus Macaque Model

Emerging Viral Diseases

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