Chikungunya Virus Infection during Pregnancy, Réunion, France, 2006

Fritel, Xavier; Rollot, Olivier; Gérardin, Patrick; Gaüzère, Bernard-Alex; Bideault, Jacques; Lagarde, L; Dhuime, Barbara; Orvain, E; Cuillier, Fabrice; Ramful, Duksha; Sampériz, Sylvain; Jaffar‐Bandjee, Marie‐Christine; Michault, Alain; Cotte, L.; Kaminski, Monique; Fourmaintraux, A

doi:10.3201/eid1604.091403

Cited by 132 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Perinatal transmission of arbovirus has been reported for DENV [10][11][12][13][14], chikungunya virus (CHIKV) [15,16], West Nile virus (WNV) [17,18] and yellow fever virus (YFV) [19,20]. Breast milk transmission has been reported for DENV [14] and WNV [18] and has been suspected for the vaccine strain of YFV [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of perinatal transmission of Zika virus, French Polynesia, December 2013 and February 2014

et al. 2014

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A Zika virus (ZIKAV) outbreak started in October 2013 in French Polynesia, South Pacific. We describe here the clinical and laboratory features of two mothers and their newborns who had ZIKAV infection as confirmed by ZIKAV RT-PCR performed on serum collected within four days post-delivery in date. The infants' infection most probably occurred by transplacental transmission or during delivery. Attention should be paid to ZIKAV-infected pregnant women and their newborns, as data on the impact on them are limited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of perinatal transmission of Zika virus, French Polynesia, December 2013 and February 2014

et al. 2014

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“…Perinatal transmission has already been reported for other flaviviruses such as DENV (66,67) and WNV (70,71), as well as alphaviruses such as CHIKV (68,69), so it should not be surprising if it occurs with ZIKV.…”

Section: Non-vector-borne Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonvector arbovirus transmission has been reported to occur directly between vertebrates (64, 65), from mother to child (66)(67)(68)(69)(70)(71), nosocomially (72)(73)(74), by transfusion (75)(76)(77)(78), via bone marrow (79) or organ (80) transplantation, and sexually (81).…”

Section: Vectors and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika Virus

2016

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SUMMARYZika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) in the genusFlavivirusand the familyFlaviviridae. ZIKV was first isolated from a nonhuman primate in 1947 and from mosquitoes in 1948 in Africa, and ZIKV infections in humans were sporadic for half a century before emerging in the Pacific and the Americas. ZIKV is usually transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The clinical presentation of Zika fever is nonspecific and can be misdiagnosed as other infectious diseases, especially those due to arboviruses such as dengue and chikungunya. ZIKV infection was associated with only mild illness prior to the large French Polynesian outbreak in 2013 and 2014, when severe neurological complications were reported, and the emergence in Brazil of a dramatic increase in severe congenital malformations (microcephaly) suspected to be associated with ZIKV. Laboratory diagnosis of Zika fever relies on virus isolation or detection of ZIKV-specific RNA. Serological diagnosis is complicated by cross-reactivity among members of theFlavivirusgenus. The adaptation of ZIKV to an urban cycle involving humans and domestic mosquito vectors in tropical areas where dengue is endemic suggests that the incidence of ZIKV infections may be underestimated. There is a high potential for ZIKV emergence in urban centers in the tropics that are infested with competent mosquito vectors such asAedes aegyptiandAedes albopictus.

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“…Most of the reports concerning the effect of CHIKV infection during pregnancy describe no major effect on pregnancy outcomes or newborns if the mother was infected before the peripartum period (248)(249)(250). However, CHIKV-specific IgM antibodies were detected in the cord blood of the infants, providing evidence for intrauterine transmission of the virus (249,250). In contrast, another study identified that in the case of a symptomatic mother (2 days before and 2 days following delivery), the neonate also developed CHIKV symptoms (251).…”

Section: Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Role of Zika Virus in Adverse Fetal and Neonatal Outcomes

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYThe rapid spread of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas and its potential association with thousands of suspected cases of microcephaly in Brazil and higher rates of Guillain-Barré syndrome meet the conditions for a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, as stated by the World Health Organization in February 2016. Two months later, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced that the current available evidence supports the existence of a causal relationship between prenatal Zika virus infection and microcephaly and other serious brain anomalies. Microcephaly can be caused by several factors, and its clinical course and prognosis are difficult to predict. Other pathogens with proven teratogenicity have been identified long before the current ZIKV epidemic. Despite the growing number of cases with maternal signs of infection and/or presence of ZIKV in tissues of affected newborns or fetuses, it is currently difficult to assess the magnitude of increase of microcephaly prevalence in Brazil, as well as the role of other factors in the development of congenital neurological conditions. Meanwhile, health agencies and medical organizations have issued cautious guidelines advising health care practitioners and expectant couples traveling to, returning from, or living in affected areas. Analogous to dengue virus (DENV) epidemics, ZIKV has the potential to become endemic in all countries infested byAedesmosquitoes, while new mutations could impact viral replication in humans, leading to increased virulence and consequently heightened chances of viral transmission to additional naive mosquito vectors. Studies are urgently needed to answer the questions surrounding ZIKV and its role in congenital neurological conditions.

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Chikungunya Virus Infection during Pregnancy, Réunion, France, 2006

Abstract: Except for prenatal hospital admissions for those infected, this virus had no effect on outcomes.

Cited by 132 publications

References 24 publications

Evidence of perinatal transmission of Zika virus, French Polynesia, December 2013 and February 2014

Evidence of perinatal transmission of Zika virus, French Polynesia, December 2013 and February 2014

Zika Virus

Emerging Role of Zika Virus in Adverse Fetal and Neonatal Outcomes

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