Scientific research relating to acts of sexual abuse perpetrated by women is a relatively under-investigated field. While the percentage of sex offenses committed by women is low relative to those committed by men, the absolute numbers of such episodes remain unacceptably high, and the consequences of sexual exploitation of children and adolescents may be just as traumatic for those victims. We review the existing empirical research literature pertaining to the characteristics of female sex offenders, the possible types of offenders, and current recommendations regarding their psychosocial treatment. Lacunae in the research literature are identified.