Child care workers and workplace hazards in the United States: Overview of research and implications for occupational health professionals

Bright, Karie A.; Calabro, Karen Sue

doi:10.1093/occmed/49.7.427

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Day care workers and mothers are at increased risk of acquiring CMV from children they care for (Bright and Calabro, 1999;Joseph et al, 2005;Noyola et al, 2005), and this combined with the recognised increased risk of breast cancer within 10 years of a full-term birth (Lambe et al, 1994) might explain an association in parous women. However, when we restricted our analysis to women who were 50 or more years of age at diagnosis or reference date in the controls, the strong effect of recent adult CMV infection in parous women remained, so this is an unlikely explanation of our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer, cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus: a nested case–control study

et al. 2010

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BACKGROUND: We investigated whether elevation in serum cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein -Barr virus (EBV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels precedes the development of breast cancer. METHODS: A nested case -control study was carried out within the Janus Serum Bank cohort. Two serum samples, one taken at least 4 years before diagnosis (sample 2) and an earlier sample (sample 1) from 399 women with invasive breast cancer and from 399 controls, matched for date of blood samples and age were tested for CMV and EBV IgG antibodies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CMV and EBV seroconversion between the samples and unit changes in IgG optical density (OD) examined as a continuous variable were calculated using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Eleven cases and three controls seroconverted for CMV IgG between the first and second blood samples, with an adjusted OR for CMV IgG seroconversion of 4.0 (95% CI ¼ 1.1 -14.4). The risk of breast cancer, adjusted for parity, increased per unit difference in CMV OD between samples (OR ¼ 1.7, 95% CI ¼ 1.1 -2.5). In an analysis restricted to parous cases and age-matched parous controls, the OR for CMV seroconversion for IgG between the two samples, adjusted for parity and age at first birth, was 9.7 (95% CI ¼ 1.2 -77.3). The EBV seroconversion or change in EBV OD was not associated with risk of breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Our hypothesis that elevation in serum CMV IgG antibody levels precedes the development of breast cancer in some women is supported by the results of this study. Changes in EBV IgG antibody are not associated with risk of breast cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast cancer, cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus: a nested case–control study

et al. 2010

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“…107 Few have been trained in the various healthcare-related aspects of childcare, including food handling procedures.…”

Section: The Characteristics Of Daycare Centers and Risk Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…105 However, the risk of occupational exposure appears not to be significantly increased in the absence of outbreaks, 71 although some evidence to the contrary also exists. 106 Although low, the risk of work exposure to hepatitis B does exist, 107 and also for AIDS. 52 With relation to family members, high rates of secondary attack by Shigella, Giardia and rotavirus have been described; cryptosporidiosis, which in general causes self-limited mild to moderate disease, presents a significant risk to immunocompromised individuals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…87,123 workers' diseases provoke high turnover rates in the sector due to the working conditions. 107 Costs related to disease are even greater for those under 3 years of age. 124 Costs are not restricted to the short term (medical costs, lost work days, and others); there are also long-term costs (chronic diseases, sequelae, congenital malformations) and all the human suffering related to disease 125 and, possibly, death.…”

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confidence: 99%

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As creches e pré-escolas e as doenças transmissíveis

Nesti¹,

Goldbaum²

2007

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Objective: To describe the increased risk of acquiring infectious diseases associated with out-of-home childcare and the effectiveness of measures for the control and prevention of diseases transmission at daycare and preschool education centers. Sources:A review of literature in the MEDLINE, LILACS and Cochrane Library databases, found using the descriptors daycare, infection, infection control and infectious diseases and focusing on studies that have compared the risk of infectious diseases for children cared for in and out of the home, related risk to the type of out-of-home careand assessed the effectiveness of preventative measures. Summary of the findings:Children cared for at daycare or in preschool education exhibit a two to three times greater risk of acquiring infections, which impacts both on individual health and on the dissemination of diseases through the community. Among other factors, the risk is associated with the characteristics of daycare centers, and simple preventative measures are effective for reducing transmission of diseases. Recommended measures include: appropriate hand washing after exposure; employment of standard precautions; standardized routines for changing and disposal of used diapers, location and cleanliness of changing area, cleaning and disinfection of contaminated areas; use of disposable tissues for blowing noses; separate workers and area for handling foods; notification of infectious diseases; training of workers and guidance for parents. Conclusions:In the face of growing utilization of daycare and preschool education and their association with increased risk of acquired infections, control measures are indispensable to the prevention and control of infectious diseases.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(4):299-312: Daycare, infection, infection control, infectious diseases.

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“…Daycare employees may be exposed to some potential reproductive health hazards, such as various infections, heavy lifting, stress, noise, and physically demanding postures (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). The cytomegalo and varicella-zoster viruses (CMV and VZV), rubella and influenza can lead to congenital malformation (6,7), while the human parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection can cause fetal death (8)(9)(10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy outcomes among daycare employees in Finland

Riipinen¹,

Sallmén²,

Taskinen³

et al. 2009

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether working as a daycare employee increases the risk of perinatal death, pre-term birth, low birth weight, smallness for gestational age, or congenital malformations. MethodsWe conducted a register-based cohort study among daycare employees and women from various occupations of healthcare (reference group). Study subjects were identified from the files of Finnish trade unions and the National Authority for Medicolegal Affairs. Pregnancy outcomes, antenatal occupation, and working status were obtained by linkage to national registers. The final data consisted of 13 299 and 12 182 singleton births in the study and reference groups, respectively. We analyzed pregnancy outcome data using generalized estimating equations and linear regression. ResultsThe occurrences of pre-term birth [odds ratio (OR) 0.91, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.79-1.06], perinatal death (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.62-1.34), smallness for gestational age (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.91-1.12), and congenital malformation (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.92-1.32) were similar among the children of the daycare employees and the reference group. The adjusted mean birth weight of the children of the daycare employees was slightly higher (14 g, 95% CI -1-29) than that of the reference group, but the difference was attenuated to 6 g in the subset of the first births.Conclusion Daycare employees were not, in general, at an increased risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome.However, efforts should nevertheless be made to prevent their exposure to harmful viruses and heavy physical load during pregnancy.

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Child care workers and workplace hazards in the United States: Overview of research and implications for occupational health professionals

Cited by 34 publications

References 32 publications

Breast cancer, cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus: a nested case–control study

Breast cancer, cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus: a nested case–control study

As creches e pré-escolas e as doenças transmissíveis

Pregnancy outcomes among daycare employees in Finland

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