Child defecation, feces disposal practices and associated factors in community-led total sanitation adopted districts in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

Soboksa, Negasa Eshete; Gari, Sirak Robele; Hailu, Abebe Beyene; Alemu, Bezatu Mengistie

doi:10.1016/j.envc.2021.100059

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Before being included in the review, each original study’s quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI). Our analysis revealed that, out of the 15 included studies, 86.7% had a low risk of bias [ 15 , 23 , 24 , 26 – 36 ] and the remaining 13.3% had a moderate risk of bias [ 25 , 37 ] ( S2 Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Does owning improved latrine facilities enhance the safe disposal of child feces in Africa? a systematic review and meta-analysis

Soboksa,

Olkeba,

Aregu

2024

PLoS ONE

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Introduction Improved sanitation refers to those that effectively avoid human contact with excreta in a hygienic manner. Having improved latrines is a key factor in adopting safe ways of disposing of child feces. However, previous studies in Africa that examined how owning improved latrine facilities associated with household child feces disposal practices has shown inconsistent results, and no systematic review of these findings has been done. Therefore, this study aims to synthesize the evidence on the significance of households having improved latrine facilities for safe child feces disposal practices among households with under five-year-old children in Africa. Methods The searched databases include: PubMed/Medline, Ovid/Embase, ScienceDirect, AJOL and the Cochrane Library. In the search process, Google Scholar and references of other studies were considered. This review included studies that were published in English without any time restrictions. The outcome of this study was an estimate of the association between the ownership of an improved latrine and the disposal practices of children’s feces. Two reviewers used the Excel data extraction tool to extract the relevant data from the studies that were included in the review. Using Stata version 16, a meta-analysis was performed with a random effects statistical model. The inverse index of variance (I2) was used to assess heterogeneity. Forest plots were used to show the pooled estimate with a 95% confidence interval. Publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test and a funnel plot. Results Out of the 616 studies that were retrieved, 15 were included in the systematic review analysis and 10 were included in the meta-analysis. All studies that were included are cross-sectional studies done in Ethiopia, Nigeria, Gambia, Malawi, Eswatini, Ghana, Zambia, and a study used data from sub-Saharan Africa. Improved latrine facilities significantly enhanced the practice of safe child feces disposal, as shown by the overall effect size (OR = 2.74; 95% CI = 1.24–1.35, I2 = 99.95%). In the subgroup analysis by sample size, the presence of improved latrines significantly enhanced safe child feces disposal in studies with sample sizes less than 1000 (OR = 3.24; 95% CI = 2.86–3.62, I2 = 61.38%), while there was no significant difference in studies with sample sizes greater than 1000 (OR = 2.67; 95% CI = 0.69–4.64, I2 = 99.97%). However, studies that involved children under 5 years old indicated that improved latrine facilities significantly enhanced the practice of safe child feces disposal (OR = 4.02; 95% CI = 2.03–6.09; I2 = 99.96%). Conclusions In this research study, we examined the ownership of improved latrine facilities among households with five-year-old children to enhance the disposal of child feces in a safer manner in Africa. The high heterogeneity among the studies and the cross-sectional design of the included studies limit the causal inference and generalizability of the findings. Therefore, meta-analyses of longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to confirm the causal relationship between improved latrine facilities and safe child feces disposal practices in Africa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Does owning improved latrine facilities enhance the safe disposal of child feces in Africa? a systematic review and meta-analysis

Soboksa,

Olkeba,

Aregu

2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Azage & Haile 2015;Cronin et al 2016;Bawankule et al 2017;Islam et al 2018;Aliyu & Dahiru 2019;Sahiledengle 2019Sahiledengle , 2020Seidu et al 2020Seidu et al , 2021Simelane et al 2020;Getahun & Adane 2021;Soboksa 2021;Soboksa et al 2021;Vong et al 2021), while 6 studies were of moderate(Wilunda & Alessio 2009;Siruri 2013;Mihrete et al 2014;Aluko et al 2017;Sidabalok et al 2019;Alemayehu et al 2021) according to our assessment (Supplementary Material, Table…”

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confidence: 81%

“…Prevalence of unsafe child feces disposalAs shown in Figure2, based on 20 studies with 240,706 participants, the pooled prevalence of unsafe children's feces disposal practice among mothers/guardians was 52.63% (95% CI: 0.43-0.62)(Wilunda & Alessio 2009;Siruri 2013;Mihrete et al 2014;Azage & Haile 2015;Cronin et al 2016;Aluko et al 2017;Bawankule et al 2017;Aliyu & Dahiru 2019;Sahiledengle 2019Sahiledengle , 2020Islam et al 2020;Seidu et al 2020Seidu et al , 2021Simelane et al 2020;Alemayehu et al 2021;Getahun & Adane 2021;Soboksa 2021;Soboksa et al 2021;Vong et al 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

Unsafe fecal disposal practices in children and the nexus with childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Soboksa

Olkeba

Negassa

et al. 2022

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development

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In household environments, the improper handling of children's feces can be a significant contaminant, raising a high risk of child exposure. Thus, the objective of this study was to pool the available evidence on the prevalence of safe child feces disposal practices and their association with reported childhood diarrhea in low-income and middle-income countries. PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library databases, Ovid Medline, Google Scholar, and references of other studies were searched. The search was limited to studies published in English-language literature. Two independent reviewers used an appropriate tool to critically appraise the selected studies. Stata version 16 was used for the analysis. The pooled prevalence of unsafe disposal of children's feces among 20 studies was 52.63% (95% CI: 0.43–0.62). Overall, the meta-analysis found that unsafe disposal practices insignificantly increased the risk of diarrhea by 4% (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.84–1.24). In the subgroup analysis, unsafe disposal of children's feces decreased the risk of diarrhea in Oceania (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.62–0.88) and increased in Asia (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.25–1.41). In conclusion, the prevalence of unsafe child feces disposal practices was high. There was no significant association between unsafe child feces disposal practices and diarrhea.

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“…Household access to safe disposal of sewage, level of education of mothers, wealth index, and geographical location (rural/urban) were common factors that have been identified as determinants of safe child faecal disposal practices. [6][7][8][9] Other less common determinants that have been identified in some studies were religion, level of education of heads of households, and age of heads of households. [5][6][7][8][9][10] This study assessed the entire spectrum of child faecal handling rather than focusing on the disposal methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9] Other less common determinants that have been identified in some studies were religion, level of education of heads of households, and age of heads of households. [5][6][7][8][9][10] This study assessed the entire spectrum of child faecal handling rather than focusing on the disposal methods. The determinants of the patterns of faecal handling were assessed within the socio-cultural context of the state where the study was conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns and Determinants of Child Faecal Handling Among Mothers of Under-5 Children in Osun State, South-West Nigeria

Beluonwu¹,

Ayodeji²,

Nnanna³

et al. 2022

JHER

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Diseases with faeco-oral route of transmission remain a problem of public health importance, majority of which can be attributed to unsanitary handling of child faeces. This study aimed to assess the patterns and determinants of sanitary handling of child faecal matter among mothers of under-5 children in Osun State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was employed to study 598 mothers in Osun State. A multistage sampling technique was adopted for the recruitment. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and a checklist was used to assess the sanitation of the houses. Determinants of sanitary disposal of child faeces were assessed using binary logistic regression. Sanitary handling of child faeces was practiced by 337 (56.4%) mothers. Knowledge of the harmful effects of improper child faecal handling, sanitation index, and religion were observed to be significant determinants of sanitary disposal of child faeces. Increase in the knowledge score increased probability of sanitary child faecal handling (B=0.403, 95% CI=1.088-2.060, p=0.013). Poor sanitation index had a negative relationship with the practice of sanitary child faecal handling (B=-0.180, 95% CI=0.789-0.885, p<0.001). The Muslims were 1.7 times more likely to practice sanitary disposal of child faeces than Christians (Odds ratio=0.6, 95% CI=0.352-0.872, p=0.011). A significant number of mothers still practice unsanitary handling of their children's faeces which predisposes the duo to diseases. Strengthening health promotion programmes in this regard is imperative.

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Child defecation, feces disposal practices and associated factors in community-led total sanitation adopted districts in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Does owning improved latrine facilities enhance the safe disposal of child feces in Africa? a systematic review and meta-analysis

Does owning improved latrine facilities enhance the safe disposal of child feces in Africa? a systematic review and meta-analysis

Unsafe fecal disposal practices in children and the nexus with childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Patterns and Determinants of Child Faecal Handling Among Mothers of Under-5 Children in Osun State, South-West Nigeria

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