Child domestic labour and mothers’ employment in Turkey

Parents’ labour force participation and children’s involvement in work activities: evidence from Thailand

“…The few extant studies suggest an ambiguous relationship. Susanli et al (2016) find, for example, that children's participation in housework and mothers' employment are negatively correlated in rural areas but that the opposite holds for those in urban areas. The relationship between children's work activities and parents' employment type also remains unclear in the literature.…”

“…Augmenting household productivity and earnings, children's economic work involvement is a survival strategy among households that do not generate sufficient incomes for subsistence (Jacoby & Skoufias, 1997;Tzannatos, 2003). Their housework participation reduces adults' household responsibilities, increasing the time available for labour market work (Susanli et al, 2016;Warren, 2007). Given that parents' employment is vital for household welfare, a better understanding of the relationship between parents' employment and children's economic activity and housework participation can help in the formulation of policies aimed at reducing poverty, stimulating economic growth by increasing labour force participation, and improving children's welfare.…”

“…Although several studies have found a negative correlation between parental earnings and children's employment (Amin et al, 2006;Binder & Scrogin, 1999;Goldin, 1979;Holleran, 1997;Togunde & Carter, 2008;Wahba, 2006), few studies have examined the relationship between a parent's employment and children's overall work activity participation. In particular, studies by DeGraff and Levison (2009), Dayıoğlu (2008), Self (2011), and Susanli et al (2016) focus solely on mothers' and children's employment, while Manacorda (2006) explores the effect of children's employment on their parents' labour supply. With the exception of Susanli et al (2016) and Self (2011), most studies do not examine children's involvement in housework.…”

“…In particular, studies by DeGraff and Levison (2009), Dayıoğlu (2008), Self (2011), and Susanli et al (2016) focus solely on mothers' and children's employment, while Manacorda (2006) explores the effect of children's employment on their parents' labour supply. With the exception of Susanli et al (2016) and Self (2011), most studies do not examine children's involvement in housework. Moreover, we distinguish between parents' formal and informal employment and explore whether children's involvement in work activities correlates with the parents' employment type, which the existing research does not explicitly examine.…”

“…These surveys are nationally representative, thus allowing this study to generalize findings to the entire country. Earlier studies rely on either census data, such as the 1920 US Census (Manacorda, 2006), or special surveys, such as the 1994 and 1999 Child Labour Surveys (Dayıoğlu, 2008) and the 2003 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey (Susanli et al, 2016). These surveys, however, lack detailed information on children's work activity participation and parents' employment characteristics.…”