Child drowning deaths in Xiamen city and suburbs, People’s Republic of China, 2001–5

Fang, Ya; Dai, Lina; Jaung, Michael; Chen, Xiaoxuan; Yu, Songlin; Xiang, Hao

doi:10.1136/ip.2007.016683

Cited by 47 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This correlates with Fang et al's findings in China [4]. Parental education and close supervision by parents have already been examined in rural settings in some lowand middle-income countries including Bangladesh and China [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Rahman et al stated that the risk of childhood drowning was 2.1 times greater for mothers who were illiterate compared with those who had a secondary or higher level of education [3]. This correlates with Fang et al's findings in China [4]. Parental education and close supervision by parents have already been examined in rural settings in some lowand middle-income countries including Bangladesh and China [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Evaluation of a community-based drowning prevention programme in northern Islamic Republic of Iran

Davoudi-Kiakalayeh¹,

Mohammadi²,

Yousefzade-Chabok³

et al. 2013

East Mediterr Health J

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This study evaluated the feasibility of a drowning intervention package in northern Islamic Republic of Iran. A quasi-experimental design used pre-and post-observations among residents and tourists in waterrecreation beach areas of intervention and control regions by the Caspian Sea and in residents near the Caspian Sea coastline. The fatal drowning rate in the studied resident population in the provinces fell from 4.24 per 100 000 residents at baseline to 3.04 per 100 000 residents at endline. The risk of death from drowning in the intervention areas in the water-recreation area was greater during the pre-intervention (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.66-2.01) than the implementation period (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.15-0.37). The risk of drowning can be reduced by implementing increased supervision and raising community awareness.1 Division of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Correspondence to A. Davoudikiakalayeh: davoudikiakalayeh@gmail.com RÉSUMÉ La présente étude a évalué la faisabilité d'un programme d'intervention contre la noyade dans le nord de la République islamique d'Iran. Un plan quasi-expérimental a été utilisé à partir des observations réalisées avant et après l'intervention auprès de résidents et de touristes dans des zones de plages pour les loisirs aquatiques et des régions témoins près de la mer Caspienne ainsi qu'auprès de résidents à proximité du littoral de la mer Caspienne. Le pourcentage de noyades mortelles au sein de la population résidente étudiée dans les provinces est passé de 4,24 pour 100 000 résidents au début de l'étude à 3,04 pour 100 000 résidents à la fin de l'étude. Le risque de décès par noyade dans les zones d'intervention de loisirs aquatiques était plus élevé avant l'intervention (OR = 1,15, IC 95 % : 0,66-2,01) que pendant la mise en oeuvre (OR = 0,24, IC 95 % : 0,15-0,37). Le risque de noyade peut être réduit en renforçant la surveillance et en faisant de la sensibilisation auprès de la communauté.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Evaluation of a community-based drowning prevention programme in northern Islamic Republic of Iran

Davoudi-Kiakalayeh¹,

Mohammadi²,

Yousefzade-Chabok³

et al. 2013

East Mediterr Health J

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show abstract

“…Drowning rates are highest among children and in rural areas (Fang et al, 2007;Quan & Cummings, 2003;Rahman et al, 2006;Sitthi-amorn et al, 2006). Providing swimming lessons is an important strategy to prevent childhood drowning (Brenner et al, 2009;Hyder, Borse et al, 2008;McIntosh, 2009;Rahman et al, 2010;World Health Organization, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drowning is one of the most common causes of death among young children in developing countries in Asia, including Thailand (Fang et al, 2007;Hyder, Wali, Fishman, & Schenk, 2008;Linnan et al, 2007;Rahman, Giashuddin, Svanstrom, & Rahman, 2006;Sitthi-amorn et al, 2006). In 1999, a study of unintentional injury death among children aged 2-16 years in Thailand showed that 35% of deaths were due to drowning (13.1/100,000; Kozik et al, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Swimming Skill of Primary School Children in Rural Thailand

Laosee¹,

Gilchrist²,

Khiewyoo³

et al. 2011

IJARE

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Drowning is a leading cause of childhood deaths in Asian countries. Children in primary school have a high rate of fatal drowning. These fatal drownings commonly occur in natural water bodies near the child's residence. The 2004 Thai National Injury Survey reported a higher rate of drowning death in rural settings. While swimming skill is recommended to decrease drowning risk, there is a lack of information on factors contributing to a child's swimming skill. This study assesses guardians' perceptions of the swimming skill of rural primary school children and identifies associated risk and protective factors. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted during August-September 2009 in rural communities of Chiang Rai province, Thailand. We analyzed a total of 633 interview surveys completed with guardians of primary school children. Results revealed that less than one-fifth (19%) of the school children (age 6-12 years old) could swim. Multiple logistic regression showed that children who can swim are more likely to have attended swimming lessons (Odds Ratio [OR] = 23.95; 95% CI = 12.21-46.98); be 10-12 years of age (OR = 4.15; 95% CI = 2.35-7.30); be male (OR = 2.82; 95% CI = 1.67-4.77); have had self-reported life-threatening submersion experience (OR = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.10-4.12); or be the child of a guardian who can swim (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.25-3.44). The results highlight the need to provide swimming lessons targeting all children beginning in the younger age groups. Local resources in natural water sites may provide a place for safe swimming lessons in rural areas.

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“…Drowning rates, rate ratios, and age-adjusted mortality rates also were calculated for drowning victims with bathtub drowning deaths excluded. Previous studies have excluded bathtub drowning deaths since bathtub drowning deaths are unlikely to be related to swimming or water safety skill (Brenner et al, 2009;Browne, Lewis-Michl, & Stark, 2003). As noted above, recent literature has demonstrated the importance of swimming and water safety skills in drowning prevention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Drowning Rates between Rural and Non-Rural Residents of Ontario, Canada

Fralick¹,

Gallinger²,

Hwang³

2013

IJARE

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Child drowning deaths in Xiamen city and suburbs, People’s Republic of China, 2001–5

Abstract: Drowning deaths in children in Xiamen city and suburbs follow trends that are markedly different from patterns observed in other countries. Different prevention strategies may be required for preventing child drowning deaths in Xiamen and other developing regions.

Cited by 47 publications

References 22 publications

Evaluation of a community-based drowning prevention programme in northern Islamic Republic of Iran

Evaluation of a community-based drowning prevention programme in northern Islamic Republic of Iran

Predictors of Swimming Skill of Primary School Children in Rural Thailand

Differences in Drowning Rates between Rural and Non-Rural Residents of Ontario, Canada

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