Child homicide in Cairo from 2006 to 2010: Characteristics and trends

Alsaif, Dalia; Alsowayigh, Kholoud; Alfaraidy, Maram; Albayat, Marwa; Alshamsi, Ghada; Aldosary, Mohammed; Madadin, Mohammed; Afify, Mostafa M.; Kharoshah, Magdy A.

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2013.08.003

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Most of these studies portrayed assault as an infrequent mechanism of TBI compared to other more prevalent causes (e.g., MVAs and military). Nine out the 12 studies identified cases of child abuse and described victims’ characteristics and TBI clinical presentations, namely, intracranial and skull fractures, skeletal injuries, scalp swelling, and subgaleal hematoma [42-46]. The majority of abused children were below the age of 6 with the exception of one study that documented fatal head trauma sustained by teenagers, mostly girls (98%) aged between 12 and 18 [46].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Traumatic Brain Injury Research in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major health concern worldwide with a large impact in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region as a consequence of protracted wars and conflicts that adversely affect the general population. Currently, systematic TBI studies in the MENA region are lacking, nonetheless they are immensely needed to enhance trauma management and increase survival rates among TBI patients. This systematic review aims to characterize TBI in the MENA region to guide future policy choices and research efforts and inform tailored guidelines capable of improving TBI management and patient treatment and outcome. Furthermore, it will serve as a road map to evaluate and assess knowledge of trauma impact on regional health systems that can be adopted by health-care providers to raise awareness and improve trauma care. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search strategy of several databases including MEDLINE/Ovid, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and the grey literature in accordance with the PROSPERO systematic review protocol CRD42017058952. Abstracts were screened, and selected eligible studies were reviewed independently by 2 reviewers. We collected demographics information along with TBI characteristics, mortality rates, and regional distribution. Data were extracted using REDCap and checked for accuracy. Results: The search strategy yielded 23,385 citations; 147 studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Motor vehicle accident (MVA) was the leading cause of TBI (41%) in the MENA region, followed by the military- (15.6%) and fall- (8.8%) related TBI. Males predominantly suffer from TBI-related injuries (85%), with a high prevalence of MVA- and military-related TBI injuries. The TBI mortality rate was 12.9%. The leading causes of mortality were MVA (68%), military (20.5%), and assault (2.9%). The vast majority of reported TBI severity was mild (63.1%) compared to moderate (10.7%) and severe TBI (20.2%). Patients mainly underwent a Glasgow Coma Scale assessment (22.1%), followed by computed tomography scan (8.9%) and surgery (4.1%). Conclusions: Despite its clinical, social, and economic burden, the evidence of TBI research in the MENA region is scarce. Further research and high-quality epidemiological studies are urgently needed to gain a deep understanding of the TBI burden in the region, facilitate the allocation of adequate resources, implement effective preventive and intervention strategies and advise on the TBI patient management as reflective on the TBI patterns and modes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Traumatic Brain Injury Research in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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“…A review of death charts which conducted in Zeinhom morgue, Cairo. Children less than one year were 27 cases which divided into 16 males and 11 females (Alsaif et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicolegal Evaluation of Infanticide Pattern in Assiut Governorate, Egypt from 2008 to 2013 (a Retrospective Study)

Aal

2014

Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

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Infanticide is a crime that has been practiced in all societies since the down of humanity. This retrospective study was conducted to assess the magnitude and evaluate the pattern of infanticide in Assiut Governorate from 2008 to 2013 as well as to study the reasons and suggest the solutions for this crime. The pattern was assessed through examination of the medicolegal reports of infanticide cases which referred to the Assiut Medicolegal Department of Ministry of Justice during this period. Infanticide cases were evaluated as regards the number, annual, seasonal and geographical distribution, ways of notification of the crime, places of concealments of the infants, infant's wrapping, recognition of the victims and accused identities, as well as the gender, condition of umbilical cord, stage of maturity, causes and time passed since death. Thirty five new born infants were found. The biggest number of cases was found in the years 2011 (8 cases) and 2012 (8 cases). The highest percentage of cases occurred in winter and summer months which represented 42.85% and 31.43% of total case respectively. The highest percentage of cases was found in Abnoub and El Fateh center then Manfalout center which represented 28.57% and 22.86% of total cases respectively. The common places of concealment of the infants were rubbish heaps (31.43%), canals water (22.86%), around and inside buildings (20%) and upon a bridges (14.29%). Infants with wrappings were found in 54.29% while infants without wrappings were found in 45.71% of total cases. Identity of infants and suspects of the crime was recognized in 8.57% of the total cases. The percentage of females (60%) was more than males (40%). Non medical ligation of the umbilical cord was found in 65.72% of total. Full term mature infants represented 88.57% while preterm infants represented 11.43% of total cases. The commonest causes of death were head injuries (48.57%) followed by omission (of feeding, coverings and umbilical cord ligation) occurred in 28.57% % of total cases while unidentified cause of death represented 23.81% of total cases due to advanced putrefaction. Time passed since death was determined in 65.71% while it was not determined (corpses kept in refrigerators) in 34.29% of total cases. This study suggest to solve this problem to put a specific legislations of infanticide, write a standard medicolegal report about cases, increase public awareness to search and notify about infanticide cases, improve economic and educational states especially of females, active the security and religious roles to prevent illegal sexual relationships, give attention to social care institutions for infants of unknown parentage and treat mothers which have psychiatric disorders.

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“…Even when examined, not all the cases are photographed. A study of child homicides in Cairo pointed to the importance of examining genitals in females as it might provide a clue to the story behind the death (2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem Changes of Female External Genitalia and Their Importance in Suspected Sexual Abuse

Alsaif

Al-Farayedhi

Al-Shamsi

et al. 2020

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Examination of the female external genitalia to assess for sexual abuse is performed in living individuals, and the interpretation of the findings is based on evidence‐based studies. However, in the deceased, no such studies are available, and postmortem changes could present as suspicious findings that can be mistaken for trauma. Patches of discoloration in the hymen were reported previously in one case as hypostasis (i.e., livor and lividity), and based on this finding, it was listed as a finding that is not associated with trauma. This was a retrospective study that was conducted in the Center of Forensic and Legal Medicine in Dammam, Saudi Arabia over a 4‐year period. The study included 30 deceased women in whom photographic documentation of their external genitalia was assessed for postmortem changes. The postmortem interval ranged from less than 24 h to more than 100 days, and the ages of these deceased women were in the 20–40 year‐old age group. In cases where the hymen, vagina, and/or fossa navicularis were clearly visible, none of these areas showed any hypostatic discoloration. A comparison between antemortem and postmortem appearance of the hymen in one case clearly showed the absence of hypostatic changes in the hymen. In conclusion, any discoloration of the external genitalia that is detected in a female decedent requires serious consideration.

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Child homicide in Cairo from 2006 to 2010: Characteristics and trends

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Characterization of Traumatic Brain Injury Research in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review

Characterization of Traumatic Brain Injury Research in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review

Medicolegal Evaluation of Infanticide Pattern in Assiut Governorate, Egypt from 2008 to 2013 (a Retrospective Study)

Postmortem Changes of Female External Genitalia and Their Importance in Suspected Sexual Abuse

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