Child labour: parameters, developmental implications, causes and consequences

Martin, Mervyn

doi:10.1080/21582041.2012.751501

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Thus, households headed by divorced single mothers may push children to enter the labor market early (de Mesquita & de Farias Souza, 2018) to reduce the detrimental effects of divorce on children and save the household economy. This is in line with Thijs' research (in Martin, 2013) which states that the incidence of child labor is higher in households headed by divorced single mothers.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Does The Household Structure Create Child Labor? The Case in Indonesia

Kharisma

Wardhana²,

Hasanah³

et al. 2022

BGSS

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The existence of child labor is a complex phenomenon and is often considered a logical consequence, in a household, of the economic needs of poverty-stricken families. This is due to several factors such as the condition of the child himself, the family background, and the influences of parents, culture and environment. This paper aims to determine the effect of household structure on child labor by comparing households headed by divorced single mothers and nuclear households that include a mother and father in Indonesia. This study uses cross-sectional data from the 2014 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) with the instrumental variable (IV) method. The results showed that, for the nuclear households that include a mother and father, the probability of child labor decreased, or that when a divorced single mother heads the household, the likelihood of child labor increases, including in rural areas. The same thing happens when households headed by divorced single mothers tend to increase the likelihood of sons being sent into the labor market. Thus, household structure has a vital role in determining the decisions of parents to engage their children in paid employment

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Does The Household Structure Create Child Labor? The Case in Indonesia

Kharisma

Wardhana²,

Hasanah³

et al. 2022

BGSS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Some authors argue that children can learn skill and socialized them when they work with their peers (Adonteng-Kissi, 2018). However, when work becomes exploitative and compromises the development of children and their school time, it should be considered as child abuse, and it must be avoided (Martin, 2013). The burden on women and girls may be exacerbated with increasing deforestation since the forest cover will be pushed up to the marginal areas and farther away from home which increases the fuel wood collection time and labour.…”

Section: Figure5 Responsibility Of Household Members For Fuel Wood Co...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gender Aspects of Agroforestry Practices in Maytemeko Watershed, Northwestern Ethiopia

Desta

2023

ERJSSH

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This study was conducted to assess the gender aspect of agroforestry practices (AFPs) in terms of participation and benefit in northwest Ethiopia. An explanatory sequential research design of mixed method was employed to obtain and analyze the data required for the study. Household questionnaire survey which was collected from 138 randomly selected households, ethnographic observation and interview were used to collect data. The research result showed that though most women are implementing AFPs compared to their male counterparts, the number of trees and shrubs on farm plots are lower for women. At household level, women are taking highest responsibility to manage AFPs. It was also found that 40.3% (166.5 tons/year) of energy for cooking and heating is obtained from trees and shrubs grown in AFPs followed by natural forest wood sources (32.2% or 134 tons/year). The majority of the respondents (56%) confirmed that women and girls are responsible for fuel wood collection from the natural forest areas. In contrast, for those households who obtained the fuel wood from AFPs, men are most responsible to prepare the fuel wood. An average time which was needed to collect a bundle of fuel wood from natural forest area was four times more than the time needed to collecting the same amount of fuel wood from AFPs. This indicated that AFP is playing a crucial role in reducing the burden of women and girls by reducing the time and labor spent for fuel collection. Generally, implementing AFP is not only used to save the natural forest cover, but it also has an implication in gender balance for fuel wood collection. Thus, stressing the multiple benefits of AFP, agricultural extension workers should encourage farmers to plant trees on their farm lands by recognzing the gender aspects as well.

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“…Notably, the predominant focus regarding the causal factor of child labor is usually on a single predictor. A plethora of research literature identifies poverty or economic crises as a major cause of child labor (Bourdillon and Carothers 2019;Martin 2013;Fors 2012;Salmon 2005;Basu and Van 1998). However, not all child laborers work due to poverty, rather, in many cases, they work in order to assist in household chores, or on farms as helping hands as part of family ventures.…”

Section: Determinants Of Child Labormentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Child Labor in Bangladesh: Determinants and Its Possible Impacts on Health and Education

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: A significant proportion of child laborers are compelled to work in exploitative environments, and experience both deteriorating health and financial loss. The present study sought to determine the factors affecting child labor and the characteristics of their working environment. (2) Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted with 80 child laborers aged 5 to 17 years. Alongside descriptive statistics, a newly devised technique known as the Influencing Causes Index (ICI) was administered and tested. (3) Results: The demographic findings reveal that most child laborers are young children (12–14 years) and 32.5% of child laborers have never attended school. The thorough assessment of determinants reflects that not only poverty but schooling expenses and a lack of access to opportunities in primary schools are also the top-ranked push factors to trigger children towards labor. Around 72.5% of children work for over 8 h a day. A significant proportion of participants received no leave, training, or access to hygiene facilities. The existing pattern of employment and working conditions resulted in musculoskeletal pain and dermatological infections among child laborers (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: This research suggests that income measures for households and an education program for both children and parents would expedite the abolition of child labor.

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Child labour: parameters, developmental implications, causes and consequences

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Does The Household Structure Create Child Labor? The Case in Indonesia

Does The Household Structure Create Child Labor? The Case in Indonesia

The Gender Aspects of Agroforestry Practices in Maytemeko Watershed, Northwestern Ethiopia

Urban Child Labor in Bangladesh: Determinants and Its Possible Impacts on Health and Education

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