Child maltreatment and adult depressive symptoms: Roles of self-compassion and gratitude

Wu, Qinglu; Chi, Peilian; Lin, Xiuyun; Du, Hongfei

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.013

Cited by 106 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This result is consistent with the very limited extant empirical evidence showing that low mindful university students were more likely to be cyberbullies than those perceiving themselves to be highly mindful (Kozan et al 2018). Emotional abuse is a particularly important risk factor for impaired self-compassion (i.e., mindfulness) because of its adverse impact on one's sense of worth and self-esteem (Wu et al 2018). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is positively associated with CEA (Yehuda et al 2001), can also help explain the negative effect of CEA on mindfulness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the core elements of mindfulness is self-compassion (Neff and Costigan 2014). Consequently, mindfulness is negatively associated with psychological and emotional maltreatment (Arslan 2017;Wu et al 2018) and self-compassion is significantly affected by individuals' relationships with their parents as a child (Arslan 2017;Neff and McGehee 2010). Given that having been exposed to emotional abuse as a child is associated with feeling flawed and having an impaired sense of self-worth (Bernstein et al 2003), CEA can lead individuals to having lower emotional awareness and self-acceptance (Frewen et al 2012).…”

Section: The Mediating Role Of Trait Mindfulnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Trait Mindfulness

Emirtekin

Balta

Kırcaburun

et al. 2019

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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Preliminary studies have indicated that childhood emotional maltreatment (i.e., abuse and neglect) can be associated with higher cyberbullying perpetration (CBP) among university students. The purpose of the present study was to test the direct and indirect effects of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) on CBP via trait mindfulness and trait emotional intelligence (TEI). A total of 470 adolescent students participated in the study and completed a questionnaire comprising measures of the aforementioned variables. Path analysis showed that trait mindfulness, but not TEI, was a partial mediator between CEA and CBP among the total sample, males, and females. Results indicated that there were other factors that explain the relationship between CEA and CBP in addition to lower mindfulness. These findings suggest that developing mindfulness-based intervention programs for adolescents who have been emotionally abused as a child may reduce their engagement in cyberbullying. This study is the first to document the direct role of CEA on CBP and indirect via trait mindfulness among adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Mediating Role Of Trait Mindfulnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Trait Mindfulness

Emirtekin

Balta

Kırcaburun

et al. 2019

Int J Ment Health Addiction

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“…Prior studies have also shown that gratitude has a positive impact on adolescent happiness, as it involves reflection, positive emotions, adaptive social behaviors, and relationships that facilitate well-being (Fredrickson, 2004;Watkins, 2004;Armenta et al, 2017). In fact, it has been reported that people with higher levels of gratitude experience less anger, feelings of loneliness, and fewer depressive symptoms (Breen et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2018;Rey et al, 2019).…”

Section: Virtues (Gratitude and Forgiveness)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgiveness, Gratitude, Happiness, and Prosocial Bystander Behavior in Bullying

et al. 2020

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The relationships among character strengths (forgiveness and gratitude), happiness, and prosocial bystander behavior in bullying were analyzed. The sample includes 500 (early adolescents) and 500 (middle adolescents) of both genders, between 12 and 18 years old (M age = 14.70, SD = 1.58). Two structural equation models were calculated. Results of the first model indicated that forgiveness, gratitude, and happiness had a direct positive relation with prosocial bystander behavior. Furthermore, human strengths were indirectly related to prosocial behavior in bullying for this effect in happiness. The second model showed that prosocial bystander behavior had a positive effect on human strengths and happiness. Multigroup analyses indicated that gender and stage of adolescence did not moderate the relations found in the model. Overall findings suggest a reciprocal relationship between character strengths, happiness, and prosocial bystander behavior.

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“…Low self‐compassion is linked to parental criticism (Potter, Yar, Francis, & Schuster 2014), emotional abuse and neglect (Miron, Orcutt, Hannan, & Thompson 2014; Ross, Kaminski, & Herrington 2019; Tanaka et al, 2011; Wu, Chi, Lin, & Du 2018), perceived parental indifference and emotional invalidation (Westphal, Leahy, Pala, & Wupperman 2016), as well as low parental warmth, high parental rejection, and overprotection (Pepping et al, 2015). Self‐compassion is a mediator between maltreatment exposure and a host of negative outcomes, including depressive symptoms (Ross et al, 2019; Wu et al, 2018), difficulties regulating emotions (Vettese, Dyer, Li, & Wekerle 2011), shame (Ross et al, 2019), and post‐traumatic symptomatology (Barlow, Goldsmith Turow, & Gerhart, 2017). Further evidence suggests that training to improve compassion toward oneself can counter negative self‐concepts and improve mental health outcomes in the context of dysfunctional childhood experiences (e.g., Gilbert & Procter, 2006).…”

Section: Self‐compassion and The Attachment Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

ParentSelf‐Compassionand Supportive Responses to Child Difficult Emotion: An Intergenerational Theoretical Model Rooted in Attachment

Lathren

Bluth

Zvara

2020

J of Family Theo & Revie

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Self-compassion is an adaptive way of self-relating that entails tending to one's emotional pain with understanding and care. In this article, we propose an intergenerational model explaining how self-compassion develops in the context of the parent-child relationship. Specifically, we posit that parents who have had supportive experiences with their own childhood caregivers develop a secure attachment and a high level of self-compassion. In turn, we propose that high self-compassion in parents promotes parents' capacity to support children when they experience difficult emotions (e.g., anger, sadness). These responses promote the child's secure attachment, high self-compassion development, and positive behavioral outcomes. A key area for future research is examining the potential link between parent self-compassion and responses to difficult emotions in the child. Given that self-compassion can be enhanced through intervention, support for this model will have broad implications for interrupting intergenerational cycles of dysfunction caused by insecure attachment.

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Child maltreatment and adult depressive symptoms: Roles of self-compassion and gratitude

Cited by 106 publications

References 55 publications

Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Trait Mindfulness

Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cyberbullying Perpetration Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Trait Mindfulness

Forgiveness, Gratitude, Happiness, and Prosocial Bystander Behavior in Bullying

ParentSelf‐Compassionand Supportive Responses to Child Difficult Emotion: An Intergenerational Theoretical Model Rooted in Attachment

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