Child Marriage and Its Associations With Controlling Behaviors and Spousal Violence Against Adolescent and Young Women in Pakistan

Nasrullah, Muazzam; Zakar, Rubeena; Zakar, Muhammad Zakria

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.013

Cited by 127 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Alternatively, IPV and controlling behaviors may be more severe or long-standing in relationships involving girl child marriage [28], as men who choose to marry young girls may be more invested in maintaining power over their partner through violence. Thus, IPV in such relationships may require even more time to change male partner’s perpetration of IPV than what is needed in relationships not typified by girl child marriage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Impacts of an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Program Based on Child Marriage Status in Rural Côte d'Ivoire

Falb

Annan

Kpebo³

et al. 2015

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose Little is known about whether effectiveness of intimate partner violence prevention programming varies for women who were married as child brides, given their additional social vulnerabilities. This subanalysis sought to assess treatment heterogeneity based on child marriage status for an intervention seeking to reduce intimate partner violence. Methods A randomized controlled trial assessing the incremental effectiveness of gender dialogue groups in addition to group savings on changing past-year intimate partner violence was conducted in Côte d’Ivoire (2010–2012). Stratified models were constructed based on child marriage status to assess for effect modification. Analysis was restricted to married women with data on age at marriage (n=682). Results For child brides (N = 202), there were no statistically or marginally significant decreases in physical and/or sexual violence, physical violence, or sexual violence. The odds of reporting economic abuse in the past year were lower in the intervention arm for child brides relative to control group child brides (odds ratio [OR] = .33; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .13–.85; p = .02). For nonchild brides (N =480), women were less likely to report physical and/or sexual violence (OR =.54; 95% CI =.28–1.04; p = .06), emotional violence (OR = .44; 95% CI = .25–.77; p = .004), and economic abuse (OR = .36; 95% CI = .20–.66; p = .001) in the combined intervention arm than their group savings–only counterparts. Conclusions Findings suggest that intervention participants with a history of child marriage may have greater difficulty benefiting from interventions that seek to reduce intimate partner violence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Impacts of an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Program Based on Child Marriage Status in Rural Côte d'Ivoire

Falb

Annan

Kpebo³

et al. 2015

Journal of Adolescent Health

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“…Marriages at an early age are a common practice in Southeast Asian countries, particularly in Pakistan where daughters are considered a liability and parents want to dispose of them as early as possible (Nasrullah et al 2014;Raj et al 2009). Child marriage often results in early pregnancy, little education, and social isolation reinforcing the feminization of poverty (Raj et al 2009;Unicef 2009).…”

Section: Determinants Of Domestic Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Domestic Violence Against Rural Women in Pakistan: An Issue of Health and Human Rights

Zakar

Abbas

2015

J Fam Viol

Self Cite

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Pakistani women living in rural areas are particularly vulnerable to violence because of their relatively weaker social position and lack of awareness about their legal rights. We investigated domestic violence against rural women and its association with women's health. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from Rural Health Center of five selected districts by conducting face-to-face interviews from 490 randomly selected women of reproductive age. The data showed that about 65 % of the interviewed women had experienced different types of violence, with psychological violence being the most common. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that women's low education, low income, and marriage at an early age were significantly associated with domestic violence. Additionally, Domestic violence was significantly associated with poor mental and reproductive health. These findings may be useful in developing public health programs to address domestic violence against rural women.

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“…Across South Asia, child marriage and very early child marriage are known risk factors for IPV (Nasrullah et al 2014; Oshiro et al 2011; Rahman et al 2014; Raj et al 2010; Santhya 2011; Speizer and Pearson 2011). Child marriage also is geographically patterned within countries (Goli et al 2015; Kamal 2010), reflecting community-level variation in a collective practice 2 that characterizes certain forms of patriarchal kinship (Kandiyoti 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Bangladesh: A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis

et al. 2016

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Child marriage (before age 18) is a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. Worldwide, Bangladesh has the highest prevalence of IPV and very early child marriage (before age 15). How the community prevalence of very early child marriage influences a woman’s risk of IPV is unknown. Using panel data (2013–2014) from 3,355 women first married 4–12 years prior in 77 Bangladeshi villages, we tested the protective effect of a woman’s later first marriage (at age 18 or older), the adverse effect of a higher village prevalence of very early child marriage, and whether any protective effect of a woman’s later first marriage was diminished or reversed in villages where very early child marriage was more prevalent. Almost one-half (44.5 %) of women reported incident physical IPV, and 68.9 % had married before age 18. The village-level incidence of physical IPV ranged from 11.4 % to 75.0 %; the mean age at first marriage ranged from 14.8 to 18.0 years. The mean village-level prevalence of very early child marriage ranged from 3.9 % to 51.9 %. In main-effects models, marrying at 18 or later protected against physical IPV, and more prevalent very early child marriage before age 15 was a risk factor. The interaction of individual later marriage and the village prevalence of very early child marriage was positive; thus, the likely protective effect of marrying later was negated in villages where very early child marriage was prevalent. Collectively reducing very early child marriage may be needed to protect women from IPV.

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Child Marriage and Its Associations With Controlling Behaviors and Spousal Violence Against Adolescent and Young Women in Pakistan

Cited by 127 publications

References 17 publications

Differential Impacts of an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Program Based on Child Marriage Status in Rural Côte d'Ivoire

Differential Impacts of an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Program Based on Child Marriage Status in Rural Côte d'Ivoire

Domestic Violence Against Rural Women in Pakistan: An Issue of Health and Human Rights

Child Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Bangladesh: A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis

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