Child marriage in Canada: A systematic review

Zaman, Michele; Koski, Alissa

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229676

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The reasons for these geographic differences are unclear. Publicly available data from the 2016 census show that the prevalence of formal or common-law unions among 15-19-year-olds was higher in Nunavut (11 percent) than in the Yukon (2 percent) or the Northwest Territories (3 percent) (Zaman and Koski 2020). If the same pattern holds for marriages among 15-17-year-olds, then the high aggregate prevalence among all three territories observed in our study may be driven by a higher prevalence in Nunavut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The drivers of child marriage in wealthy societies have received little attention and are poorly understood. A recent systematic review of academic literature and news sources on the topic of child marriage in Canada found little information on this aspect of the practice (Zaman and Koski 2020). Case reports of child marriage within small religious communities in Canada suggest that religious beliefs may play a role in some instances, but the nature of those beliefs is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent systematic review of academic literature and news sources highlighted the lack of information on domestic child marriage practices. No estimates of the frequency of marriage before the age of 18 at either national or provincial/territorial levels were found, though individual cases of child marriage among religious minority communities in British Columbia and Quebec were heavily covered in newspapers (Zaman and Koski 2020). The federal government reports the prevalence of marriage among 15-19-year-olds based on census data, but this aggregation over a five-year age range makes it impossible to parse apart marriages to teen minors from the marriage of 18 and 19-year-olds.…”

Section: Child Marriage In Canadamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child Marriage in Canada

Koski¹,

Clark²

2021

Population & Development Rev

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Child marriage, defined as formal or informal marriage before the age of 18, is a globally recognized indicator of gender inequality. Canada has placed itself at the forefront of global efforts to end child marriage as part of its commitment to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Despite these global aspirations, child marriage remains legal throughout Canada. Data from vital statistics agencies and recent censuses indicate that child marriage, although rare, is practiced across the country. In 2016, nearly 2,300 children between 15 and 17 years of age were in union, a prevalence of 0.2 percent. The vast majority (98 percent) of these were informal, common-law unions. Demographic patterns of child marriage in Canada are similar to those observed in many low-and middle-income countries. Girls were far more likely to be married as children than boys and typically wed much older spouses. There were marked differences in the prevalence of child marriage across the country, with the highest estimates found in Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and the territories. These findings draw attention to the discrepancy between Canada's domestic law and its foreign policy. They also highlight thorny challenges inherent in efforts to eradicate this practice in Canada and elsewhere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Child Marriage In Canadamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child Marriage in Canada

Koski¹,

Clark²

2021

Population & Development Rev

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“…Girls who are younger (under 15 years) often do not know anything about sexual relations and feel embarrassed to talk to their husbands. 36,40 They consider it a taboo thing. This condition often raises the attitude of rejection by girls towards their partners.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual experiences of girls engaged in child marriage: A review of qualitative

Kamilah

Rosa

2021

JKKI

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Child marriage cases appear to occur in children between 15 and 18 years of age. Girls who are forced into marriage show fear of having sex with their husbands because they are foreign to this situation. Previous research has shown that child marriage causes trauma to girls due to forced sexual intercourse. This study aims to explore sexual aspects from the perspective of married girls. This study uses 3 databases PubMed, EbscoHost, and Proquest. The main keywords are "child marriage", "early marriage", "Sexual", "Experience", and "Qualitative". The search for articles was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of PRISMA. The findings were 5 main themes from 15 articles. The findings are the desire to have children soon after marriage, delay of having children, husband and wife relationship in child marriage, lack of knowledge related to reproductive health, and powerlessness makes reproductive health decisions. The problem of the sexual aspect of child marriage makes it difficult for girls to live their married lives. Girls must quickly adapt to their role as wives and be able to meet everyone's marriage expectations in general. However, another case also explains that families and partners understand the condition of girls who are not ready to face this phase. The views of society and families build perceptions of child marriage, including the fulfillment of sexual needs therein.

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“…Additionally, the vast majority of evidence reviews relating to child marriage research have focused exclusively on specific regions or countries, [10][11][12][13][14] and/or specific thematic areas such as health 15 16 or economic consequences. 17 While this allows for in-depth understandings of child marriage in specific geographies, this global overview of evidence can uncover unique insights about collective research progress, as well as potential areas of focus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed study protocol for systematic scoping review of research on child marriage, 2000–2019

Greene

Siddiqi

2021

BMJ Open

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IntroductionThe global development agenda reflects greater attention to ending child marriage and supporting adolescent girls than ever before. Limited understandings of the evidence base on child marriage, however, make it challenging to assess gaps in the literature and inform policy and programming to respond to the needs of adolescent girls. The goal of this project is to systematically identify, evaluate and synthesise the global evidence on child marriage.Methods and analysisWe will include articles with a thematic focus on child marriage from all geographic settings, two decades of research (2000–2019) and in four languages (English, Spanish, French and Portuguese). We will search 18 electronic academic databases (7 in English and 4 each in French, Spanish and Portuguese, with 1 overlapping database) and for the grey literature, conduct targeted hand-searches of organisations engaged in work to prevent child marriage. The databases for studies in English are PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Popline, Web of Science and Cochrane Library; for studies in French, the databases will be DialNet, Directory of Open Access Journals, Science Direct and Biblioteca CCG-IBT database; in Spanish, DialNet, La Biblioteca Científica Electrónica en Línea, Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico and Jstor and in Portuguese, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Biblioteca Científica Eletrônica On-line and Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações. We will also review reference lists of select articles and seek input from key authors, field practitioners and participants in international convenings. We will collect and analyse data on publication characteristics, including type of document, institutional affiliation, publication year, language, focus country and region, study objective, specific focus, research method, key findings and recommendations of the material offered for future work. The database searches for publications in English were conducted in January 2020 and we plan to complete the searches in French, Spanish and Portuguese in early 2021.Ethics and disseminationAs a systematic review of already-published data, this study does not raise ethical or safety concerns. The authors plan to publish the results of the scoping review in a relevant international journal as well as present the results widely following publication. Building on this foundational work, the authors plan to conduct analyses that make use of the rich data.Registration detailsThe study design adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Our protocol was registered with Open Science Framework on 14 January 2020 (https://osf.io/awh8v).

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Child marriage in Canada: A systematic review

Cited by 22 publications

References 20 publications

Child Marriage in Canada

Child Marriage in Canada

Sexual experiences of girls engaged in child marriage: A review of qualitative

Detailed study protocol for systematic scoping review of research on child marriage, 2000–2019

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