Child neurodevelopmental outcomes following preterm and term birth: What can the placenta tell us?

Hodyl, Nicolette A.; Aboustate, Natalie; Bianco‐Miotto, Tina; Roberts, Claire T.; Clifton, Vicki L.; Stark, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2017.06.009

Cited by 62 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Recent evidence also reveal that initial exposure to a specific type of maternal microbiome may influence successive microbial patterns in the gut and other body environments and can influence infant outcomes positively or negatively (38,39). Microbes in the amniotic-cavity trigger an inflammatory response which makes neonates susceptible to both short-term and long-term consequences, such as early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and cerebral palsy (40,41).…”

Section: Dysbiosis and Adverse Neonatal Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genital Micro-Organisms in Pregnancy

Bagga

Arora

2020

Front. Public Health

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The microbiome of the female genital tract may undergo changes in pregnancy due to metabolic, endocrinological, and immunological alterations. These dysbiotic states may cause infections which may ascend upwards to the feto-placental unit or may be seeded hematogenously. These low grade and often low virulent infectious states lead to chronic inflammatory states and maybe associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcome. Organisms have been isolated from amniotic fluid and placentae from women delivering pre-term; however the possibility of contamination cannot be conclusively ruled out. Common vaginal dysbiotic states often cause symptoms that are overlooked and often untreated. Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC), Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), and Trichomonas Vaginitis (TV) are the commonly occurring dysbiotic states leading to vaginal infective states in pregnancy. With the advent of novel technologies like Next Generation sequencing (NGS), it will soon be possible to comprehensively map the vaginal microbiome and assess the interplay of each microbial state with their effects in pregnancy. This may open new avenues for antibiotic recommendations, probiotics and potential alternate therapies for dysbiotic states leading to pregnancy complications.

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Section: Dysbiosis and Adverse Neonatal Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genital Micro-Organisms in Pregnancy

Bagga

Arora

2020

Front. Public Health

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“…Intrauterine inflammation has been associated with alterations in fetal neurodevelopment and offspring behavior in adulthood [81][82][83]. Notably, intrauterine inflammation is also linked to preterm birth [84,85], which may mediate the neurodevelopmental effects [86], though intrauterine inflammation insufficient to induce preterm birth can still result in neuronal injury [83].…”

Section: Effect Of Intrauterine Inflammation On Neurodevelopmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrauterine Microbiota: Missing, or the Missing Link?

Chen

Gur

2019

Trends in Neurosciences

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The intrauterine environment provides a key interface between the mother and the developing fetus during pregnancy, and is a target for investigating mechanisms of fetal programming. Studies have demonstrated an association between prenatal stress and neurodevelopmental disorders. The role of the intrauterine environment in mediating this effect is still being elucidated. In this review, we discuss emerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting the existence of microbial communities in utero. We also outline possible mechanisms of bacterial translocation to the intrauterine environment and immune responses to the presence of microbes or microbial components. Lastly, we overview the effects of intrauterine inflammation on neurodevelopment. We hypothesize that maternal gestational stress leads to disruptions in the maternal oral, gut, and vaginal microbiome that may lead to the translocation of bacteria to the intrauterine environment, eliciting an inflammatory response and resulting in deficits in neurodevelopment.

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“…In addition, current findings indicate that placental function abnormalities can cause severe morbidity and mortality of mothers and fetuses (4). Increasing evidence has also indicated that placental dysfunction during the antenatal period is an important risk factor for preterm birth and/or poor neurodevelopment outcomes in the later life of live-born infants (5,6). However, little is known about the benefit of placental findings for neonatal care among pediatricians (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placenta, secret witness of infant morbidities: the relationship between placental histology and outcome of the premature infant

Çakır

Yildiz²,

Kahvecioglu³

et al. 2018

TJPATH

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Objective: The microscopic and macroscopic features of the placenta can contribute to the clinical understanding of premature delivery. The aim of our study was to figure out the relationship between the histopathological findings of the placentas of premature deliveries and its effects on neonatal morbidity and mortality. Material and Method:The placentas of 284 singleton preterm infants with <35 weeks of gestation were examined. Three groups were created as the normal, chorioamnionitis and vasculopathy groups according to the histopathological findings in the placentas of the subjects. Results:The mean gestational age of the infants in the study group was 30.5 ± 3.2 weeks, and the mean birth weight was 1588 ± 581 g. The pathology was normal in ninety-six (33.8%), vasculopathy in 153 (53.9%) and chorioamnionitis in 35 (12.3%). The gestation age of the infants was lower in the chorioamnionitis group. Moreover, retinopathy of prematurity, early onset neonatal sepsis, and duration of respiratory support were found to be higher in the chorioamnionitis group. In the vasculopathy group, preeclampsia and small for gestational age were found to be significantly higher. Conclusion:Histopathological findings of the placentas from preterm deliveries provided important data in determining the etiology of preterm delivery and outcomes of infants. Infants delivered by mothers with chorioamnionitis were particularly found to be more preterm, and these preterm infants would have a longer hospital stay, higher respiratory support requirement, and more serious morbidities.

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Child neurodevelopmental outcomes following preterm and term birth: What can the placenta tell us?

Cited by 62 publications

References 83 publications

Genital Micro-Organisms in Pregnancy

Genital Micro-Organisms in Pregnancy

Intrauterine Microbiota: Missing, or the Missing Link?

Placenta, secret witness of infant morbidities: the relationship between placental histology and outcome of the premature infant

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