Child Protection Systems in Estonia and Latvia

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the historical process of transformation from the paternalistic Soviet state system of child protection in Estonia and Latvia. Moreover, it tackles the criticism of the deinstitutionalization of residential care and changes in juvenile justice. The Soviet concept of the child sees parents as dangerous for the kids, while the educational system was empowered to take responsibility for rearing the new generation. Population growth is found to have a significant impact on children’s well-being. Both countries acknowledge the child’s right to family as a core principle in child protection work. Local governments are required to develop measures based on the needs of children and families.