Child Temperament, ADHD, and Caregiver Strain: Exploring Relationships in an Epidemiological Sample

Bussing, Regina; Gary, Faye A.; Mason, Dana M.; Leon, Christina E.; Sinha, K. K.; Garvan, Cynthia Wilson

doi:10.1097/00004583-200302000-00012

Cited by 95 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It is very likely that parents differ in their concerns regarding girls' behavioral reactions to disciplinary efforts, and may anticipate hostile or aggressive reactions more from boys than girls. Boys may increase caregiver strain more than girls (Bussing et al 2003a). Girls may also show differences in both the timing and course of the development of behavioral problems, as well as in which types of symptoms are more prevalent for girls.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conduct problems, moreso than ADHD symptoms, have been associated with negative parent-child interactions (Gomez and Sanson 1994), parentadolescent conflict (Edwards et al 2001), or parental warmth, consistency and use of punitive discipline or spanking (Stormshak et al 2000). Similarly, ODD has been found to be a stronger predictor of parental stress or strain than ADHD (Anastopoulos et al 1992;Bussing et al 2003a;Johnston 1996;Podolski and Nigg 2001). Parents' sense of competence was associated with the strength of ODD symptoms, rather than ADHD (Johnston 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reciprocal Relationships Between Parenting Behavior and Disruptive Psychopathology from Childhood Through Adolescence

Burke

Pardini

Loeber

2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

369

258

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Theoretical models suggest that child behaviors influence parenting behaviors, and specifically that unpleasant child behaviors coerce parents to discontinue engaging in appropriate discipline. This study examined reciprocal relationships between parenting behaviors (supervision, communication, involvement, timid discipline and harsh punishment) and child disruptive disorder symptoms (ADHD, ODD and CD) in a clinic-referred sample of 177 boys. Annual measures, including structured clinical interviews, were obtained from the beginning of the study (when boys were between the ages of 7 to 12) to age 17. Specific reciprocal influence was observed; only timid discipline predicted worsening behavior, namely ODD symptoms, and ODD symptoms predicted increases in timid discipline. Greater influence from child behaviors to parenting practices was found: ODD also predicted poorer communication and decreased involvement, and CD predicted poorer supervision. ADHD was neither predictive of, nor predicted by, parenting behaviors. The results are specifically supportive of a coercive process between child behaviors and parenting behaviors, and generally suggestive of greater influence of child behaviors on parenting behaviors than of parenting behaviors on child behaviors.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal Relationships Between Parenting Behavior and Disruptive Psychopathology from Childhood Through Adolescence

Burke

Pardini

Loeber

2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

369

258

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“…72 Since both types of symptoms have been hypothesized to relate to a deficit in inhibitory control, 73 low levels of persistence, task orientation, or effortful control have emerged as significant temperamental correlates of ADHD, as shown in Table 2. [74][75][76] Sensation and novelty seeking, as well as extraversion, have also been found to be associated with ADHD, 77 although this association may be more closely linked to other disruptive behavior disorders. 76,78 As mentioned earlier, molecular genetic work for both novelty seeking and ADHD has converged on similar targets, although the data are inconsistent.…”

Section: Disruptive Behavior Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperament and Its Role in Developmental Psychopathology

Rettew¹,

McKee

2005

Harvard Review of Psychiatry

154

125

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Temperament refers to early-appearing variation in emotional reactivity. The core dimensions of temperament and optimal method for assessment continue to be sources of considerable discussion. Nevertheless, the moderate stability of most temperamental traits and the strong influence of genetic and unique environmental factors have been well established, along with temperament's association with childhood psychiatric disorders. Both a temperamental predisposition toward experiencing negative emotions and low inhibitory control are linked to many psychiatric conditions, while other dimensions, such as levels of extraversion, vary by, and likely even within, disorders. Accumulating research directed at understanding the mechanism of these links between temperament and psychopathology indicate that, at least for most disorders, the two constructs cannot be viewed as simply different points along a shared continuum. The effect of temperament upon psychopathology has been found to be mediated and moderated by a number of both internal and external factors. Additional research is needed to help further define the core dimensions of temperament and the complex mechanisms through which temperamental traits interact with other influences in affecting developmental trajectories. Keywordsanxiety; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; children; personality; psychopathology; temperament The study of temperament and its relation to psychopathology has experienced a surge of interest and stands poised to alter our fundamental understanding of psychiatric disorders. Research in temperament and personality lay dormant for many years as psychodynamic and learning-based theories dominated the field. 1 When it rewoke, the literature of temperament (considered as part of normal human development) grew outside the purview of most clinical scientists. Since the landmark work of Thomas and Chess, 2 however, there has been a steady effort to bring these previously parallel lines of work together in mutually informative designs. This article will first briefly review some of the core concepts relating to temperament and its research, including the measurement of temperament and what is currently known about its origins and development. We will then turn to studies of the association between temperament and childhood psychiatric disorders, and also consider the possible mechanisms that may be involved. Finally, directions for future research will be addressed.

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“…ADHD has been considered as a highly heritable but clinically heterogeneous disorder [2,3] . Based on the number of symptoms in inattention category and in hyperactivity-impulsivity category, ADHD can be differentiated into three subtypes, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenetic Temperament and Character and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean Children

Yoo¹,

Kim²,

Ha³

et al. 2005

Psychopathology

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Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and biogenetic temperament, as assessed by the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI) in Korean elementary school children. Sampling and Methods: Five hundred and sixteen elementary school students (254 boys and 262 girls; age range 9–14 years, mean age 11.0 ± 1.0 years) were studied. The Junior Temperament and Character Inventory, both the self-rating and parent rating scales, the DuPaul ADHD rating scale (ARS-IV) for parents and teachers and the Child Behavior Checklist have been completed by study subjects. Children with high ARS-IV scores (the upper 10th percentile, n = 52) were defined to have ADHD. Fifty-two age- and sex-matched non-ADHD control subjects were selected randomly from a pool of 464 subjects. Results: Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms correlated positively with Novelty Seeking in both children and parent ratings. These symptoms correlated negatively with Persistence, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness. Novelty Seeking also had significant correlations with attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and social problems in the Child Behavior Checklist. The ADHD group (n = 52) had higher scores of Novelty Seeking and lower scores of Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness, compared with the control group. Conclusions: There were significant correlations between ADHD symptoms and Novelty Seeking. Current findings suggest that Novelty Seeking and ADHD share biogenetic backgrounds.

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Child Temperament, ADHD, and Caregiver Strain: Exploring Relationships in an Epidemiological Sample

Cited by 95 publications

References 36 publications

Reciprocal Relationships Between Parenting Behavior and Disruptive Psychopathology from Childhood Through Adolescence

Reciprocal Relationships Between Parenting Behavior and Disruptive Psychopathology from Childhood Through Adolescence

Temperament and Its Role in Developmental Psychopathology

Biogenetic Temperament and Character and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Korean Children

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